Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions: evidence from the Serbian major ski resort over the last 30 years
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The study aims to present reliable information about thermal conditions and their impacts on visitors to ski travel destinations.Mountain tourism areas are specific since high altitudes affect the ambient weather conditions which can affect different types of human activities. In this paper, the thermal comfort and its changes in Kopaonik Mountain, the most popular ski resort in Serbia over the last 30 years, have been evaluated. Information about thermal comfort is presented by using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET) in 3-h resolution for the period 1991–2020. The results indicate prevailing cold stress all year round. Days with moderate, strong, and very strong heat stress were not recorded. Strong and extreme cold stress prevailed during winter, while slight and moderate cold stress prevailed during summer. Transitional seasons were very cold, but autumn was more comfor...table than spring. The occurrence of days with neutral and slightly warm/cool conditions is concentrated in the summer months. However, summer is not used enough for tourism because the choice of tourists to stay at Kopaonik is not primarily based on favorable bioclimatic conditions, but on resources for winter tourism. With global warming, the annual number of thermally favorable days has been increasing, while the number of days with extreme and strong cold stress is decreasing. Continuing this trend can significantly influence tourism in the future, and therefore, new strategies in ski resorts will be required to adapt to the changing climate.
Кључне речи:
Thermal comfort / Tourism / UTCI / PET / mPET / Kopaonik MountainИзвор:
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2023, 67, 5, 807-819Издавач:
- Springer
Финансирање / пројекти:
- Министарство науке, технолошког развоја и иновација Републике Србије, институционално финансирање - 200172 (Географски институт 'Јован Цвијић' САНУ, Београд) (RS-MESTD-inst-2020-200172)
Напомена:
- The authors are grateful to Prof. Matzarakis for his generous provision of the RayMan program.
Институција/група
Географски институт „Јован Цвијић“ САНУ / Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijić SASATY - JOUR AU - Malinović-Milićević, Slavica AU - Radovanović, Milan M. AU - Petrović, Marko D. PY - 2023 UR - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/14584 AB - The study aims to present reliable information about thermal conditions and their impacts on visitors to ski travel destinations.Mountain tourism areas are specific since high altitudes affect the ambient weather conditions which can affect different types of human activities. In this paper, the thermal comfort and its changes in Kopaonik Mountain, the most popular ski resort in Serbia over the last 30 years, have been evaluated. Information about thermal comfort is presented by using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET) in 3-h resolution for the period 1991–2020. The results indicate prevailing cold stress all year round. Days with moderate, strong, and very strong heat stress were not recorded. Strong and extreme cold stress prevailed during winter, while slight and moderate cold stress prevailed during summer. Transitional seasons were very cold, but autumn was more comfortable than spring. The occurrence of days with neutral and slightly warm/cool conditions is concentrated in the summer months. However, summer is not used enough for tourism because the choice of tourists to stay at Kopaonik is not primarily based on favorable bioclimatic conditions, but on resources for winter tourism. With global warming, the annual number of thermally favorable days has been increasing, while the number of days with extreme and strong cold stress is decreasing. Continuing this trend can significantly influence tourism in the future, and therefore, new strategies in ski resorts will be required to adapt to the changing climate. PB - Springer T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology T1 - Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions: evidence from the Serbian major ski resort over the last 30 years SP - 807 EP - 819 VL - 67 IS - 5 DO - 10.1007/s00484-023-02456-w UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14584 ER -
@article{ author = "Malinović-Milićević, Slavica and Radovanović, Milan M. and Petrović, Marko D.", year = "2023", abstract = "The study aims to present reliable information about thermal conditions and their impacts on visitors to ski travel destinations.Mountain tourism areas are specific since high altitudes affect the ambient weather conditions which can affect different types of human activities. In this paper, the thermal comfort and its changes in Kopaonik Mountain, the most popular ski resort in Serbia over the last 30 years, have been evaluated. Information about thermal comfort is presented by using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET) in 3-h resolution for the period 1991–2020. The results indicate prevailing cold stress all year round. Days with moderate, strong, and very strong heat stress were not recorded. Strong and extreme cold stress prevailed during winter, while slight and moderate cold stress prevailed during summer. Transitional seasons were very cold, but autumn was more comfortable than spring. The occurrence of days with neutral and slightly warm/cool conditions is concentrated in the summer months. However, summer is not used enough for tourism because the choice of tourists to stay at Kopaonik is not primarily based on favorable bioclimatic conditions, but on resources for winter tourism. With global warming, the annual number of thermally favorable days has been increasing, while the number of days with extreme and strong cold stress is decreasing. Continuing this trend can significantly influence tourism in the future, and therefore, new strategies in ski resorts will be required to adapt to the changing climate.", publisher = "Springer", journal = "International Journal of Biometeorology", title = "Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions: evidence from the Serbian major ski resort over the last 30 years", pages = "807-819", volume = "67", number = "5", doi = "10.1007/s00484-023-02456-w", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14584" }
Malinović-Milićević, S., Radovanović, M. M.,& Petrović, M. D.. (2023). Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions: evidence from the Serbian major ski resort over the last 30 years. in International Journal of Biometeorology Springer., 67(5), 807-819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02456-w https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14584
Malinović-Milićević S, Radovanović MM, Petrović MD. Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions: evidence from the Serbian major ski resort over the last 30 years. in International Journal of Biometeorology. 2023;67(5):807-819. doi:10.1007/s00484-023-02456-w https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14584 .
Malinović-Milićević, Slavica, Radovanović, Milan M., Petrović, Marko D., "Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions: evidence from the Serbian major ski resort over the last 30 years" in International Journal of Biometeorology, 67, no. 5 (2023):807-819, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02456-w ., https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14584 .