Претње казном изопштења у Котору (XIII до XV век)
The Threat of the Penalty of Excommunication in Kotor (13th-15th Century)
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Contempt for canonical laws and theological dogmas resulted firstly in
rebuke and subsequently in the pronouncing of sentences, which were
hierarchically classified according to the severity of the committed sins. The
causes and consequences of punishment by excommunication and interdict in late
medieval Kotor have undergone some analysis, based on written sources. Also
under review were different causes for the appliance of these penalties – religious,
political, economic, as well as those which pertained to the sins of individuals.
Prior to the well-known conflict between the city of Kotor and the Pope
regarding the appointment of Bishop Sergije II de Bolica, which started in 1328
and gave rise to the imposing of an interdict on Kotor in 1330, the city
encountered another instance of interdict imposition, theretofore unknown in the
study of this subject matter. This was corroborated by the testament of a denizen
of Kotor, Basilius Mathei, registered on October 22, 1327. B...asilius had
accentuated in this document that he took exception to offer gifts to the priests
of Kotor until they were released from excommunication and addressed the
Franciscans to lay him to rest and to hold vigilias and pro remedio animae mass.
This mendicant religious order, moreover, had the license to perform all church
rituals for the duration of the interdict period. The punishing of the citizens of
Kotor with an interdict twice during a short period of time speaks of the dynamics
of the conflict between the Pope and the city of Kotor and leads to deliberation
regarding the existence of the profound underlying reasons for the conflict.
Judging by the preserved sources, the citizens of Kotor encountered the
threats of excommunication repeatedly: in cases when the last will of the
the testator was unobserved, when monks indulged in marriage or bigamy, in
trading during church holidays, as well as due to physical assaults upon priests
and neglect of the monastery by an abbot, and lapses in the holding of church
services and neglect of the host. A longer listing of sins that demanded
excommunicating from Christian society also brought about a frequent
application of this penalty, as well as effecting a strong and efficient clerical,
social, political, and economic weapons against unfit individuals.
Keywords:
excommunication / interdict / Franciscan Order / Kotor (Cattaro) / last wills / Pope John XXIISource:
Историјски часопис, 2011, LX, 123-138Publisher:
- Београд : Историјски институт
Funding / projects:
- Medieval Heritage in the Balkans: Institutions and Culture (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-177003)
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Institution/Community
Балканолошки институт САНУ / Institute for Balkan Studies SASATY - JOUR AU - Живковић, Валентина PY - 2011 UR - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/14008 AB - Contempt for canonical laws and theological dogmas resulted firstly in rebuke and subsequently in the pronouncing of sentences, which were hierarchically classified according to the severity of the committed sins. The causes and consequences of punishment by excommunication and interdict in late medieval Kotor have undergone some analysis, based on written sources. Also under review were different causes for the appliance of these penalties – religious, political, economic, as well as those which pertained to the sins of individuals. Prior to the well-known conflict between the city of Kotor and the Pope regarding the appointment of Bishop Sergije II de Bolica, which started in 1328 and gave rise to the imposing of an interdict on Kotor in 1330, the city encountered another instance of interdict imposition, theretofore unknown in the study of this subject matter. This was corroborated by the testament of a denizen of Kotor, Basilius Mathei, registered on October 22, 1327. Basilius had accentuated in this document that he took exception to offer gifts to the priests of Kotor until they were released from excommunication and addressed the Franciscans to lay him to rest and to hold vigilias and pro remedio animae mass. This mendicant religious order, moreover, had the license to perform all church rituals for the duration of the interdict period. The punishing of the citizens of Kotor with an interdict twice during a short period of time speaks of the dynamics of the conflict between the Pope and the city of Kotor and leads to deliberation regarding the existence of the profound underlying reasons for the conflict. Judging by the preserved sources, the citizens of Kotor encountered the threats of excommunication repeatedly: in cases when the last will of the the testator was unobserved, when monks indulged in marriage or bigamy, in trading during church holidays, as well as due to physical assaults upon priests and neglect of the monastery by an abbot, and lapses in the holding of church services and neglect of the host. A longer listing of sins that demanded excommunicating from Christian society also brought about a frequent application of this penalty, as well as effecting a strong and efficient clerical, social, political, and economic weapons against unfit individuals. PB - Београд : Историјски институт T2 - Историјски часопис T1 - Претње казном изопштења у Котору (XIII до XV век) T1 - The Threat of the Penalty of Excommunication in Kotor (13th-15th Century) SP - 123 EP - 138 VL - LX UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14008 ER -
@article{ author = "Живковић, Валентина", year = "2011", abstract = "Contempt for canonical laws and theological dogmas resulted firstly in rebuke and subsequently in the pronouncing of sentences, which were hierarchically classified according to the severity of the committed sins. The causes and consequences of punishment by excommunication and interdict in late medieval Kotor have undergone some analysis, based on written sources. Also under review were different causes for the appliance of these penalties – religious, political, economic, as well as those which pertained to the sins of individuals. Prior to the well-known conflict between the city of Kotor and the Pope regarding the appointment of Bishop Sergije II de Bolica, which started in 1328 and gave rise to the imposing of an interdict on Kotor in 1330, the city encountered another instance of interdict imposition, theretofore unknown in the study of this subject matter. This was corroborated by the testament of a denizen of Kotor, Basilius Mathei, registered on October 22, 1327. Basilius had accentuated in this document that he took exception to offer gifts to the priests of Kotor until they were released from excommunication and addressed the Franciscans to lay him to rest and to hold vigilias and pro remedio animae mass. This mendicant religious order, moreover, had the license to perform all church rituals for the duration of the interdict period. The punishing of the citizens of Kotor with an interdict twice during a short period of time speaks of the dynamics of the conflict between the Pope and the city of Kotor and leads to deliberation regarding the existence of the profound underlying reasons for the conflict. Judging by the preserved sources, the citizens of Kotor encountered the threats of excommunication repeatedly: in cases when the last will of the the testator was unobserved, when monks indulged in marriage or bigamy, in trading during church holidays, as well as due to physical assaults upon priests and neglect of the monastery by an abbot, and lapses in the holding of church services and neglect of the host. A longer listing of sins that demanded excommunicating from Christian society also brought about a frequent application of this penalty, as well as effecting a strong and efficient clerical, social, political, and economic weapons against unfit individuals.", publisher = "Београд : Историјски институт", journal = "Историјски часопис", title = "Претње казном изопштења у Котору (XIII до XV век), The Threat of the Penalty of Excommunication in Kotor (13th-15th Century)", pages = "123-138", volume = "LX", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14008" }
Живковић, В.. (2011). Претње казном изопштења у Котору (XIII до XV век). in Историјски часопис Београд : Историјски институт., LX, 123-138. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14008
Живковић В. Претње казном изопштења у Котору (XIII до XV век). in Историјски часопис. 2011;LX:123-138. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14008 .
Живковић, Валентина, "Претње казном изопштења у Котору (XIII до XV век)" in Историјски часопис, LX (2011):123-138, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_14008 .