Време изградње католикона и ексонартекса манастира Хиландара
The date of construction of the katholikon and exonarthex of the Chilandar monastery
Abstract
Саборна црква манастира Хиландара настала је у неколико
градитељских фаза. Цркву је саградио краљ Милутин између 1312. и 1315/1316.
године, у време игумана Никодима, зидали су је вероватно цариградски
мајстори, а скулпторске радове на њој су извели клесари доведени из Бањске.
Ексонартекс отвореног типа је саграђен на месту некадашњег западног
трема цркве између 1322. и 1324. године, његов је ктитор био краљ Стефан
Дечански, а о изградњи се старао будући архиепископ Данило II. Нови ктитор
ексонартекса је постао кнез Лазар вероватно у осмој деценији XIV века, кад
су на њему затворени постојећи отвори и на додатим деловима изведени нови
рељефни украси.
The paper first establishes a more accurate chronology of the construction of
the katholikon of the Chilandar monastery dedicated to the Presentation of the
Virgin. The previously proposed date of its construction at the time of hegoumenos
Nikodemos is accepted and better argued. It demonstrates that the thorough
renovation of the katholikon formed part of the extensive building project that
king Stefan Uroš II Milutin launched after 1311/2 focusing on the monasteries of
Studenica, Chilandar and Banjska. All of the king’s three undertakings as a ktetor
took place at approximately the same time: the King’s church at Studenica was
completed in 1313/4, the church of St Stephen at Banjska in 1314, and the church
of the Presentation at Chilandar in 1315. Begun about 1312, the katholikon of
Chilandar had for the most part been completed by the beginning of 1315 when
the bishop of Banjska, Daniel, arrived there, bringing with him masons who had
worked on the just-completed church ...at Banjska. They finished off the work on
Chilandar’s portal and open porch in 1315 or by the middle of the following year
at the latest. After the usual interval, the katholikon began to be frescoed and the
painting was completed in September or October 1321.
A few years later the porch in front of the church was torn down to make way for an
open exonarthex. Its ktetor was king Stefan of Dečani, whose fresco portrait was
painted in the narthex. The exonarthex was built between 1322 and 1324, at the
time when the abovementioned Daniel, now holding the office of bishop of Hum,
was at Chilandar and oversaw the works on the western addition to the church. Its
construction was likely done by Constantinopolitan builders, and the architectural
carving was carried out by stonemasons from southern Italy. After his election as
Serbian archbishop (1324), Daniel had several buildings erected at Peć, including
the exonarthex whose plan and appearance replicate some important features of the
Chilandar exonarthex, which further corroborates the date proposed here. A few
decades later, the Chilandar exonarthex would become an immediate model for
the façade articulation and architectural ornament of prince Lazar’s foundations in
Serbia, the churches of Lazarica and Ravanica.
Prince Lazar became a new ktetor of the Chilandar exonarthex, in all likelihood
shortly before 1380. He had it closed in with portals and parapets and he possibly
also had it painted with frescoes. Later local tradition remembers him as the only
ktetor of the “other narthex”, i.e. the exonarthex added to the west side of king
Milutin’s church.
Keywords:
манастир Хиландар / краљ Милутин / Ексонартекс отвореног типа / краљ Стефан Дечански / архиепископ Данило II / кнез ЛазарSource:
Хиландарски зборник, 2017, 14, 147-171Publisher:
- Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности
Note:
- Recueil de Chilandar, 14
Collections
Institution/Community
Cрпска академија наука и уметности / Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsTY - JOUR AU - Тодић, Бранислав PY - 2017 UR - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/10495 AB - Саборна црква манастира Хиландара настала је у неколико градитељских фаза. Цркву је саградио краљ Милутин између 1312. и 1315/1316. године, у време игумана Никодима, зидали су је вероватно цариградски мајстори, а скулпторске радове на њој су извели клесари доведени из Бањске. Ексонартекс отвореног типа је саграђен на месту некадашњег западног трема цркве између 1322. и 1324. године, његов је ктитор био краљ Стефан Дечански, а о изградњи се старао будући архиепископ Данило II. Нови ктитор ексонартекса је постао кнез Лазар вероватно у осмој деценији XIV века, кад су на њему затворени постојећи отвори и на додатим деловима изведени нови рељефни украси. AB - The paper first establishes a more accurate chronology of the construction of the katholikon of the Chilandar monastery dedicated to the Presentation of the Virgin. The previously proposed date of its construction at the time of hegoumenos Nikodemos is accepted and better argued. It demonstrates that the thorough renovation of the katholikon formed part of the extensive building project that king Stefan Uroš II Milutin launched after 1311/2 focusing on the monasteries of Studenica, Chilandar and Banjska. All of the king’s three undertakings as a ktetor took place at approximately the same time: the King’s church at Studenica was completed in 1313/4, the church of St Stephen at Banjska in 1314, and the church of the Presentation at Chilandar in 1315. Begun about 1312, the katholikon of Chilandar had for the most part been completed by the beginning of 1315 when the bishop of Banjska, Daniel, arrived there, bringing with him masons who had worked on the just-completed church at Banjska. They finished off the work on Chilandar’s portal and open porch in 1315 or by the middle of the following year at the latest. After the usual interval, the katholikon began to be frescoed and the painting was completed in September or October 1321. A few years later the porch in front of the church was torn down to make way for an open exonarthex. Its ktetor was king Stefan of Dečani, whose fresco portrait was painted in the narthex. The exonarthex was built between 1322 and 1324, at the time when the abovementioned Daniel, now holding the office of bishop of Hum, was at Chilandar and oversaw the works on the western addition to the church. Its construction was likely done by Constantinopolitan builders, and the architectural carving was carried out by stonemasons from southern Italy. After his election as Serbian archbishop (1324), Daniel had several buildings erected at Peć, including the exonarthex whose plan and appearance replicate some important features of the Chilandar exonarthex, which further corroborates the date proposed here. A few decades later, the Chilandar exonarthex would become an immediate model for the façade articulation and architectural ornament of prince Lazar’s foundations in Serbia, the churches of Lazarica and Ravanica. Prince Lazar became a new ktetor of the Chilandar exonarthex, in all likelihood shortly before 1380. He had it closed in with portals and parapets and he possibly also had it painted with frescoes. Later local tradition remembers him as the only ktetor of the “other narthex”, i.e. the exonarthex added to the west side of king Milutin’s church. PB - Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности T2 - Хиландарски зборник T1 - Време изградње католикона и ексонартекса манастира Хиландара T1 - The date of construction of the katholikon and exonarthex of the Chilandar monastery SP - 147 EP - 171 IS - 14 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10495 ER -
@article{ author = "Тодић, Бранислав", year = "2017", abstract = "Саборна црква манастира Хиландара настала је у неколико градитељских фаза. Цркву је саградио краљ Милутин између 1312. и 1315/1316. године, у време игумана Никодима, зидали су је вероватно цариградски мајстори, а скулпторске радове на њој су извели клесари доведени из Бањске. Ексонартекс отвореног типа је саграђен на месту некадашњег западног трема цркве између 1322. и 1324. године, његов је ктитор био краљ Стефан Дечански, а о изградњи се старао будући архиепископ Данило II. Нови ктитор ексонартекса је постао кнез Лазар вероватно у осмој деценији XIV века, кад су на њему затворени постојећи отвори и на додатим деловима изведени нови рељефни украси., The paper first establishes a more accurate chronology of the construction of the katholikon of the Chilandar monastery dedicated to the Presentation of the Virgin. The previously proposed date of its construction at the time of hegoumenos Nikodemos is accepted and better argued. It demonstrates that the thorough renovation of the katholikon formed part of the extensive building project that king Stefan Uroš II Milutin launched after 1311/2 focusing on the monasteries of Studenica, Chilandar and Banjska. All of the king’s three undertakings as a ktetor took place at approximately the same time: the King’s church at Studenica was completed in 1313/4, the church of St Stephen at Banjska in 1314, and the church of the Presentation at Chilandar in 1315. Begun about 1312, the katholikon of Chilandar had for the most part been completed by the beginning of 1315 when the bishop of Banjska, Daniel, arrived there, bringing with him masons who had worked on the just-completed church at Banjska. They finished off the work on Chilandar’s portal and open porch in 1315 or by the middle of the following year at the latest. After the usual interval, the katholikon began to be frescoed and the painting was completed in September or October 1321. A few years later the porch in front of the church was torn down to make way for an open exonarthex. Its ktetor was king Stefan of Dečani, whose fresco portrait was painted in the narthex. The exonarthex was built between 1322 and 1324, at the time when the abovementioned Daniel, now holding the office of bishop of Hum, was at Chilandar and oversaw the works on the western addition to the church. Its construction was likely done by Constantinopolitan builders, and the architectural carving was carried out by stonemasons from southern Italy. After his election as Serbian archbishop (1324), Daniel had several buildings erected at Peć, including the exonarthex whose plan and appearance replicate some important features of the Chilandar exonarthex, which further corroborates the date proposed here. A few decades later, the Chilandar exonarthex would become an immediate model for the façade articulation and architectural ornament of prince Lazar’s foundations in Serbia, the churches of Lazarica and Ravanica. Prince Lazar became a new ktetor of the Chilandar exonarthex, in all likelihood shortly before 1380. He had it closed in with portals and parapets and he possibly also had it painted with frescoes. Later local tradition remembers him as the only ktetor of the “other narthex”, i.e. the exonarthex added to the west side of king Milutin’s church.", publisher = "Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности", journal = "Хиландарски зборник", title = "Време изградње католикона и ексонартекса манастира Хиландара, The date of construction of the katholikon and exonarthex of the Chilandar monastery", pages = "147-171", number = "14", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10495" }
Тодић, Б.. (2017). Време изградње католикона и ексонартекса манастира Хиландара. in Хиландарски зборник Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности.(14), 147-171. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10495
Тодић Б. Време изградње католикона и ексонартекса манастира Хиландара. in Хиландарски зборник. 2017;(14):147-171. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10495 .
Тодић, Бранислав, "Време изградње католикона и ексонартекса манастира Хиландара" in Хиландарски зборник, no. 14 (2017):147-171, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10495 .