Flexibility Options in 100% Renewable Energy World Regions

Abstract

Designing the energy systems for high variable renewable energy penetrations, one should look for the flexibility of an energy systems that may be provided from various sources at supply, demand or network level. The flexibility can be provided from different options including, but not limiting to: (1) electricity demand (household and industry), (2) thermal (power, CHP) plants, (3) power to heat (CHP, heat pump district/individual), (4) transport (V2G + smart charge, synthetic fuels), (5) interconnection and (6) storage (batteries, pumped hydro, rockbed, compressed air, hydrogen…). The flexibility might be provided according to different criteria: economics, technical complexity, utilization, acceptability, feasibility, material use. Further, different constraints regarding percentages, shares, emission reductions… might be set according to proclaimed sustainable energy policy in certain region. Therefore, we will simulate various flexibility options according to their availability and priority assumed by authors for each region of nine World regions (USMCA, Latin America, United Kingdom, China, Russia, South-East Asia and Oceania, Rest of the world, ) using EnergyPLAN-Python permutation framework . This way number of synthetically generated temporary scenarios before finding optimal one and the execution time is increased in comparison to optimization approach.