Делатност Љубице и Данице Јанковић на плану етномузикологије

Abstract

Вишедеценијско континуирано деловање пионира наше етнокореологије, Љубице и Данице Јанковић, резултирало је и бројним белешкама о начину музичког изражавања, као саставном делу плесног стваралаштва испитиваних области. Будући да до сада њихова активност на пољу описивања, бележења и тумачења музичкофолклорног материјала није била у средишту научног интересовања, циљ овог рада је да укаже на њихов допринос у оснивању етномузиколошке мисли у Србији и њеном потоњем развоју. Тај допринос се сагледава из најрепрезентативнијих објављених дела сестара Јанковић, чији је методолошки оквир базиран на етнографском наративу, аналитичко-структуралном и дескриптивном приступу, интертекстуалном концепту који подразумева корелацију игре, музике и контекста извођ

The pioneering efforts of Ljubica (1894–1974) and Danica (1898–1960) Janković consisted of their systematic research and collecting of traditional dance practice (folk dances), the methodological transcription, analysis and systematizing of dances, as well as the theoretical interpretations of numerous aspects of traditional dance. Their work resulted in the establishment of Serbian ethnochoreology in the frst half of the twentieth century. As the extent of their activity in terms of transcribing musical material in the form of the accompaniment to folk dances has not yet been fully grasped by ethnomusicologists so far, the goal of this paper is to present the results and to stress the contributions of Danica and Ljubica Janković to the processes of the foundation and subsequent development of ethnomusicology in Serbia. These contributions are to be seen in eight public volumes of Folk Dances (1934–1964), whose methodological frame follows several important empirical and theoretical scientifc approaches: frstly, analyticaldescriptive methodology of research, based on intense feldwork (resulting in 800 transcribed dances and melodies from former Yugoslavia); secondly, excellent acquaintance with international trends in the feld of ethno-musicology, as well as with concepts of research concerning Serbian folk culture; lastly, their inter-textual and interdisciplinary approach that essentially looks for correlates between dance, music and the context of performance. In this paper I shall elaborate in detail on the comments and signifcant interpretations of vocal and instrumental melodies that accompany folk dances made by the Janković sisters. These comments refer to stylistic and genre characteristics, melodic and metro-rhythmic attributes, the features of rural and urban melodies, the local characteristics of songs and instruments, changes in the diachronic flow, and to the characteristic relations of choreological and musical structural elements.