Старе-нове технологије у сточарству – ослонац одрживог развоја српског села и сељака на брдско-планинском подручју

Abstract

Hilly-mountainous region of our country extends over 14 areas and 52 municipalities in the two regions of central Serbiawith more than 1.200.000 inhabitants what makes 17% of total number of inhabitants in the Republic of Serbia. Livestock breeding and processing of animal products are organised in 204.659 households which use 784.701 arable land on which they raise 251.245 cattle and 616.660 sheep and goats. Out of this number (204.659) 147.133 farms or 72% out of total number have meadows and pastures at their disposal, 2.84 hectares per farm and total surface of 4.77 ha on average. Majority of these households are engaged in making smaller quantities of brined cheese in a traditional way mostly for their own needs but also for a local market and beyond (Sjenica, Zlatar, Zlatibor, Homolje, Svrljig, etc.), some households are engaged in production of hard cheese - kachkaval (Pirot, Bela Palanka, Dimitrovgrad) and in processing the sheep and beef meat (Sjenica, Zlatibor, Pirot). Th ese households have preserved a tradition of raising cattle and sheep and traditional way of making special kinds of white brined cheese and kajmak, as well as special dried meat the products which are nowadays regarded as real treasure of our country. Organised goods production in the next period of development can be run by 45.117 agricultural households whichnow raise 231.535 heads of cattle, 462.082 sheep and goats in total what accounts for 92% and 76% in total number of animals in these regions, respectively. Th ese households raise about 5 farmanimalson average, that is, 0.9 farmanimals per hectare of land surface. By improved technology of utilisation of meadows and pastures and by better organisation of production and processing of animal products and by linking production and trade these households could off er to market about 1.2 billion kg of milk annually, 270.000.000 kg of brined cheese and about 72.600.000 kg of beef meat in halves and lambs in trunks for export. Annual value of livestock production from hilly-mountainous region may reach about one billion euros (about 912 million euros). What should immediately be done in order that this pre-calculation be successfully realised. In the fi rst place, a farm land should be extended along with the number of animals per farm and then the households should acquire a new equipment both for production and native processing of products, then hygiene of raw material and fi nal product should be improved while the producers should educate themselves and improve their knowledge on animal production. Secondly, an original principles of technology for all the products (brined cheese, dried meat products, fattening bullcalves and young lambs) should be improved while the information on the region of making and processing these products should be stated visibly on wrapping material along with the information on raw material. Moreover, a whole technological process should be equalised at all stages of production and wrapping of product should also be paid a due attention to, etc. Th irdly, for all the products originating from autochthonous technology it is necessary to establish general norms of classifi cation and standardisation according to the international standards and regulations on autochthonous production, geographical region and basic parameters of quality for each kind of product. It means that these products must have good marketing, promotion and distribution in order to attain competitive price and win new markets and fi nally to make profi t. Th e state government should support this programme of development of our hilly-mountainous region which is rich in natural resources while the people there live in poverty.