Наследноправни положај усвојеника и усвојиоца : на примеру из Врања

Abstract

Наследноправни однос између усвојеника и усвојиоца неретко бива идентичан односу који постоји између родитеља и њихове биолошке деце. У том погледу се као посебно занимљиво поставља питање наследних права усвојеника наспрам његових биолошких родитеља и крвних сродника, са једне стране и родитеља по усвојењу и осталих грађанских сродника, са друге стране. Адопција је са етнолошког становишта интересантна између осталог и због тога што се тиче односа између крвног и грађанског сродства. Поменути однос долази до изражаја у пуној мери управо код наслеђивања. У раду се анализира наследноправни положај усвојеника и усвојиоца у врањском крају, у другој половини двадесетог века.

Inheritance and legal status of an adoptee and adopter is frequently identical to the relationship that exists between parents and their biological children. In this sense, it is especially interesting to inquire the inheritance rights of adoptee towards his/hers biological parents and kindred, and on the other hand, adopters and civic kin. From an ethnological standpoint, an adoption is interesting, among other things, because it addresses questions between blood/kin and civic relatedness, expressed fully in inheritance rights. The inheritance law, in practice since 2005 recognizes two types of adoption - total and partial. From an ethnological/anthropological standpoint, the following facts, found at the course of my fieldwork, are indicative- a married couple adopts a male child, usually from the closest husband's blood relatives (an uncle adopts a niece). Female children are rarely adopted, that is, only in cases when the closest blood relatives (through male and female lines) have no male descendants. An adoptee inherits an entire family holding property of an adopter. An analysis of the inheritance rights of an adoptee and adopter allows an insight into the understanding of blood relatedness which exists in a consciousness of individuals. It turned out that being childless in a patriarchal social environment, such as Vranje, represents a crisis situation for couples, individuals but also for the whole patrilineal group of relatives. By adoption of a male relative belonging to an agnatic affiliation, the question of inheritance is solved, but also a problem of social and material reproduction of a patrilineal group and continuity of agnatic identity. This, of course, does not mean that an adoption of unrelated male child, especially in a case of total adoption, the same would not be possible. But it appears that the answer is in the fact that in the case of an adoption of unrelated child, there is a weakening of substantial sameness. In the case of an adoption of a related child, the opposite happens: enhancement of sameness, since it is believed that it brings good consequences. It turns out that the reason of an adoption of a male relative is to be found within a symbolic meaning of blood and its gender determination, found in patrilineal system of kinship.