Језик Дубровника кроз векове

Abstract

У раду се говори о језику Дубровника од раног средњег века до наших дана, о томе како је стари дубровачки романски земењен „нашим“, словенским, тј. српским, новоштокавским ијекавским говором суседног, херцеговачког залеђа. У целости се прихватају аргументи М. Решетара по којима се у Дубровнику одувек говорило само херцеговачким ијекавским, а никада далматинским чакавским говором.

The paper discusses the language of Dubrovnik from the time of the settlement of the Slavs in the Balkans until the present day. The subject highlighted in the title was thoroughly explored in the works of Milan Rešetar, especially in his study Najstariji dubrovački govor (The Oldest Ragusan Dialect), i.e. his accession address at the Serbian Royal Academy, which was read on his behalf by Aleksandar Belić on March 7, 1941. The oldest Ragusan dialect was a Romance (neo-Latin) dialect, known in scholarly literature as “Dalmatian”; it was obliterated without ever coming into the focus of serious scholarly research. The Herzegovinian Shtokavian Ijekavian dialect of the Serbian language had for centuries permeated from the mainland, to almost fully prevail in the city around 1500. Based on the language of Ragusan poets, primarily Šiško Menčetić and Džore Držić, scholars put forward the hypothesis that the original Ragusan dialect was Chakavian. In a series of studies spanning a period from his early youth to the end of his life, Rešetar argued and proved, based on the analysis of the language of prose texts, that the only dialect ever used in Dubrovnik had been the Herzegovinian Ijekavian dialect, whereas the Dalmatian Chakavian dialect had never been used in the city. He convincingly demonstrated why it was justified to use the term “poetic Chakavian traits” (pesnički čakavizmi) to describe the Chakavian hints that can be found in the works of Ragusan writers. In the closing passages of his famous accession address at the Serbian Royal Academy (the closing section was omitted in the version published in the journal Glas Srpske akademije nauka in 1951; the authentic version was published in 2004), he reiterated his conviction that the Serbs and the Croats were “one nation with two names” – hence “those who believe that the Serbs and the Croats are two nations will have to admit that it terms of language Dubrovnik has always been Serbian”.