Миграције из Горе крајем двадесетог и почетком двадесет првог века

Abstract

Економска неразвијеност Горе наводи се као примаран разлог за печалбу и економску миграцију Горанаца. Миграције из Горе не представљају константу у погледу њиховог обима и интензитета. интензивно исељавање може да се прати након 1999. године и доводи се у везу са ратом на косову, као и са политичким променама насталим у Гори након проглашења косова за самостални државни енитет. у тексту анализирам економску и политичку миграцију из Горе крајем 20. и у првој деценији 21. века, са намером да сагледам и образложим питање узрока њихове појаве, као и питање њиховог интензитета и обима. Другим речима, разматрам социоекономску и политичку димензију поменутих миграција. Полазим од претпоставке да на одређену миграцију утиче више фактора истовремено, с тим да један од њих може имати већи утицај у односу на остале. који фактор ће превладати зависи, између осталог, од друштвено-историјских, економских и политичких прилика које су присутне на неком простору у одређеном времену.

In this paper I will analyze economic and political migration in the Gora region at the end of the 20 th and in the first decade of the 21 st century. It is my intent to consider and explain their cause and their intensity and scope. In short, I view the socioeconomic and political dimension of these migrations from an ethnological and anthropological point of view. The economic and political migrations from the Gora region at the end of the 20 th and the beginning of the 21 st century represent the continuation of earlier migrations, albeit more intensive and larger in scope (whole families are migrating). There migrations can be viewed as the effects of political changes in Kosovo, as well as the socioeconomic crisis of the 1990’s. There are no fixed boundaries between these types of migrations, and the only truly stand out examples are the cases in which people migrated for safety reasons. A certain type of migration can be identified based on the terminology used by the interlocutors. I have encountered the terms “banishment” and “displacement” in the narrative discourse of my interlocutors. These terms are used to describe the migrations from Gora during the 1999 war, as well as immediately after. The differences between economic and political migrants can be gouged from other factors such as going to Gora during vacations and holidays as well as investing money into real-estate in the region. Individuals who emigrated from Gora because they feared for their and the loves of their families go to Gora rarely (to attend funerals for example) and are not currently thinking of investing unlike those who had left Gora as economic migrants. There are no differences when it comes to where people migrate to for different reasons. Places of migration can, however, be indicative of the form of migration in the sense of whether people migrated to a foreign country or not. One can turn into the other due to the changing of state borders. Thus migrations from Gora to cities and towns in Serbia became international after Kosovo declared independence. In this context, migrations from Gora to Serbia can be defined twofold, both at the level of the individual and at the level of the community. This leads to the conclusion that, in the case of migrations which are the focus of this paper, one needs to be careful not only of their typology, but also their conceptualization as well as the positions from which a certain migration is conceptualized.