Из поетског језика М. Црњанског — у светлу Јакобсонових учења

Abstract

Оn the ground of R. Jakobson's theoretical definitions of three language notions: selection, purpose and change, the author of the present paper is examining several features of М. Сrnjanski's language in his novel “Seobe” (“Migrations“). The analyzed features are found on the lexical, word-formation, syntagmatic (case-sequence) and morpho-sуntactic (sentence/clause) levels of the language. The author's main goal is to find out the processes that lead toward the final selection results. He takes the given Crnjanski's micro-context as an unchangeable quantity at the level of synchrony, which, by its very definition, excludes any symbiosis (dynamic/active connection) between the writer and his text. In such a context, the contents of Jakobson's notion purposiveness is carried out, resulting in writer's choice of a determined language unit (in analyzed sample, for instance, in choice in pairs like varoš : grad, prepositions sa : iz + genitive case, word-formation models paired as slivati : liti, sequences with an attribute relevant for the form ation of sentence melody as trave beskrajne : beskrajne trave, conjunctional oppositions in relative clauses like što : koji etc.). The author is defining, also, the basic elements of Jakobson's notion change as far as it concerns the qualities consisting of the poetic language features described in linguistics as a result of language development. Consequently, taking in consideration the general close relation of the folklore foundation of Serbian literary language and its later modern stages (which R. Jakobson has stated for almost all Slavic literary languages), the present paper gives several general interpretations of a number of particular morpho-sуntactic units in the language of the analyzed Crnjanski's novel. Among them is the writer's choice of the repeated adjoining words (ali je tišina, tišina za san, izostala), in what Crnjanski follows the folklore model found in so-called inner object (grad gradila tri brata rođena), or Crnjanski's usage of archaic lexical and syntactic units (čestnjejši, dočekan slugama), or local/dialectal forms (for instance: adjective san, -a, -o, accusative case complement to verb poverovati — poverovati ga, etc.). The paper, nevertheless, points out strong boundaries between the conscious, purposive choices, at one side, and the spontaneous choices, at the other side, introducing, by analogy with R. Jakobson's notion of “phoneme spaceness”, his own theoretical model of “the time cube” in which the opposition of language features that are relevant to style exist.

На основу Јакобсонових теоријских дефиниција трију језичких појмова избор, намена и промена — аутор овог рада истражује неколике особине и карактеристике језика Милоша Црњанског у роману „Сеобе“. Анализирана су обележја на лексичком, твoрбеном, синтагматском и морфосинтаксичком нивоу језика.