Вербализација концепта част на језичкој слици света Куча

Abstract

Предмет истраживања јесте вербализација концепта части на дијалекатској језичкој слици света Куча. Структура и модели језичке репрезентације концепта част рефлектују вредносни оријентир ове племенске заједнице. Представе о свету детерминисане су традиционалном културом колектива, а издвајање лингвокултурних специфичности у поимању части Куча примарни је задатак овога рада. Концепт части једна је од основних културних константи у концептосфери Куча и важан фрагмент наивне слике света, манифестован богатим фондом лексичких ознака и њиховом сложеном структурном организацијом. Испитивање концепта части и реконструкција моралних вредности Куча рађени су на корпусу из Речника Куча Драгољуба Петровића, Иване Ћелић и Јелене Капустине (СДЗб LX, 2013) који припада семантичкој категорији моралности и карактерних својстава човека. Језичка репрезентација концепта част показује које су моралне особине и карактерне црте личности цењене у племену Куча, а које подлежу јавном суду. Речнички материјал којим је илустрован овај фрагмент слике човека пружа увид у систем вредности и традиционалну духовну културу Куча.

The topic of this study is the verbalization of the concept of honor in the dialect linguistic image of the world of the Kuč. The structure and models of linguistic representations of the concept of honor reflect the value orientation of this tribal community. The concept is viewed from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics as a mental image of the objective reality, as a means of construal of reality and a body of knowledge of the specific social milieu. Representations of the world are determined by the traditional culture of the collective, and any identification of linguo-cultural specificities when it comes to understanding honor among the Kuč is the primary goal of this paper. The concept of honor is one of the basic cultural constants in the conceptual sphere of the Kuč and an important fragment of a naïve world view, manifested by a rich fund of lexical determinants and their complex structural organization. The study of the concept of honor and the reconstruction of the moral values of the Kuč has been carried out on the corpus of the Kuč dictionary compiled by Dragoljub Petrović, Ivana Ćelić and Jelena Kapustina (SDZb LX, 2013), which belongs to the semantic category of morality and character features of a man. The dominant meaning of a ’group of morally-ethical principles which people follow in their social and personal types of behavior, moral rectitude, honesty’ in the speech of the Kuč is directly realized by the lexemes obraz, čas(t), rz, poštenje, l’uckota, l’uckovina. The key element is the linguistic unit of obraz, which through its secondary semantic potential and functional use (expressions such as dva prsta obraza, napas na obraz, skakat na obraz) confirms its central position. The middle zone of the concept is filled by the adjectival lexemes surrounding the dominant obrazan “having honor” (l’ucak, pošten, dobar), while units which implicitly contain the component ’honorable’ (pravetan, plemenit, ponosan, mekobrazan, milostivan, lakosјen, kuražan, mudar) gravitate towards the periphery. The conceptual frame of honor and honesty unite affirmative human features – rectitude, honesty, nobleness, pride, dignity, respect of faith, daring, courage, loyalty, moderation. The semantic content of the nominations l’udurina, osoba, biranik, poštenjak, mirničina, gazija, bastadur, integrates the positive features of a personality expressed by the denotative semes ’honorable’, ’truth-loving’, ’humane’, ’generous’, ’conscientious’, ’honest’, ’good’, ’proud’, ’reputable’, ’courageous’. The concept of an honorable man, which in the understanding of the linguistic personae of the Kuč taken as a prototype lies in opposition to negative values, and it is precisely on that axis that we find a concentration of the collective judgment and expressed evaluation. The subjective interpretation of reality is coded in the language by means of a high extent of expressivity, which is used to mark the absence of honor and character by means of which we mark individuals who do not adhere to the moral code of the community. The tribe does not condone shameless, dishonorable, unfair, uncouth, unscrupulous individuals who do not abide by the behavioral norms and refer to them using derogatory terms (nesoj, nesojčina, nikogović, pečobraznik, pogan, pogančina, poganština, bitanga, kucaja, izmećar, izrod, gibet). On the scale of negative features, the highest ranked are lies (lažov, lažunčina, laščina), theievery (lupež, birindži-lupež), fickleness and unreliability (požmirep, podmuklać, marifet, koristović), a lack of bravery (kukavica, poliventa, bruka, pometina, pizdonja), promiscuity among women (barjakoša, jarakoša, kastigul’a, pizdul’a). The linguistic representation of the concept of honor indicates that moral features and character traits are respected among the Kuč, and are subject to popular criticism. The material found in the dictionary used to illustrate this fragment of the image of man offers insight into the system of values and traditional spiritual culture of the Kuč.