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Semantra and Bells in Byzantium

Thumbnail
2018
zbornik_radova_vizantoloskog_instituta_LV_Miljkovic.pdf (983.2Kb)
Authors
Миљковић, Бојан
Article (Published version)
Metadata
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Abstract
According to written sources, semantra were used to summon the faithful to prayer throughout the history of Byzantium, during more than one millennium. Semantra were first made exclusively of wood, while as of the mid-11th century some monasteries used three types of semantra – a small and big semantron made of wood, and the third, bronze semantron. Up until the Fourth Crusade, lay churches in Constantinople, including Hagia Sophia, as well as cathedral temples in the interior, maintained the ancient tradition of using wooden semantra only. The first reliable example of the use of bells originates from the mid-12th century. At a least hundred years earlier, they were brought to the Empire’s territory by traders from the Apennine peninsula for their places of worship. The erection of a high belfry in front of the Constantinople Great Church at the time of the Latin Empire had the decisive influence on the acceptance of bells after 1261, first in the liturgical practice of the capital, a...nd then in the entire territory of the restored Empire under the Palaiologoi dynasty. The new practice did not uproot the older one – semantra continued to be used.

Keywords:
semantron / bell / monastery / typikon / belfry / church
Source:
Зборник радова Византолошког института, 2018, 55, 271-303
Publisher:
  • Београд : Византолошки институт САНУ
Projects:
  • Tradition, Innovation and Identity in the Byzantine World (RS-177032)

DOI: 10.2298/ZRVI1855271M

ISSN: 0584-9888

WoS: 000460029800018

[ Google Scholar ]
URI
http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/6310
Collections
  • Византолошки институт САНУ - Општа колекција / The Institute for Byzantine Studies SASA - General Collection
Institution
Византолошки институт САНУ / Institute for Byzantine Studies SASA
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Миљковић, Бојан
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/6310
AB  - According to written sources, semantra were used to summon the faithful to prayer throughout the history of Byzantium, during more than one millennium. Semantra were first made exclusively of wood, while as of the mid-11th century some monasteries used three types of semantra – a small and big semantron made of wood, and the third, bronze semantron. Up until the Fourth Crusade, lay churches in Constantinople, including Hagia Sophia, as well as cathedral temples in the interior, maintained the ancient tradition of using wooden semantra only. The first reliable example of the use of bells originates from the mid-12th century. At a least hundred years earlier, they were brought to the Empire’s territory by traders from the Apennine peninsula for their places of worship. The erection of a high belfry in front of the Constantinople Great Church at the time of the Latin Empire had the decisive influence on the acceptance of bells after 1261, first in the liturgical practice of the capital, and then in the entire territory of the restored Empire under the Palaiologoi dynasty. The new practice did not uproot the older one – semantra continued to be used.
PB  - Београд : Византолошки институт САНУ
T2  - Зборник радова Византолошког института
T1  - Semantra and  Bells in Byzantium
SP  - 271
EP  - 303
VL  - 55
DO  - 10.2298/ZRVI1855271M
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Миљковић, Бојан",
year = "2018",
url = "http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/6310",
abstract = "According to written sources, semantra were used to summon the faithful to prayer throughout the history of Byzantium, during more than one millennium. Semantra were first made exclusively of wood, while as of the mid-11th century some monasteries used three types of semantra – a small and big semantron made of wood, and the third, bronze semantron. Up until the Fourth Crusade, lay churches in Constantinople, including Hagia Sophia, as well as cathedral temples in the interior, maintained the ancient tradition of using wooden semantra only. The first reliable example of the use of bells originates from the mid-12th century. At a least hundred years earlier, they were brought to the Empire’s territory by traders from the Apennine peninsula for their places of worship. The erection of a high belfry in front of the Constantinople Great Church at the time of the Latin Empire had the decisive influence on the acceptance of bells after 1261, first in the liturgical practice of the capital, and then in the entire territory of the restored Empire under the Palaiologoi dynasty. The new practice did not uproot the older one – semantra continued to be used.",
publisher = "Београд : Византолошки институт САНУ",
journal = "Зборник радова Византолошког института",
title = "Semantra and  Bells in Byzantium",
pages = "271-303",
volume = "55",
doi = "10.2298/ZRVI1855271M"
}
Миљковић Б. Semantra and  Bells in Byzantium. Зборник радова Византолошког института. 2018;55:271-303
,& Миљковић, Б. (2018). Semantra and  Bells in Byzantium.
Зборник радова Византолошког институтаБеоград : Византолошки институт САНУ., 55, 271-303. 
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZRVI1855271M
Миљковић Бојан, "Semantra and  Bells in Byzantium" 55 (2018):271-303,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZRVI1855271M .

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