Rađanje živih mrtvaca: karakteristike žanra zombi filma i Romerova vizija apokalipse

Abstract

Nastao 1968. godine filmom „Noć živih mrtvaca”, američkog režisera Džordža A. Romera, zombi žanr predstavlja sintezu žanrova apokalipse, naučne fantastike, horora i filmova o čudovištima. Inspirisan prethodnim filmskim tradicijama, Romero kombinovanjem elemenata pomenutih žanrova nudi sopstvenu viziju kraja sveta oličenu u postojanju čudovišta koje je istovremeno povod katastrofe i posledica koja karakteriše društveno okruženje. Romerovi filmovi predstavljaju metaforičko ogledalo društvenih okolnosti u kojima su nastali, te njihov razvoj možemo posmatrati kao dnevnik u koji su decenijama upisivana značenja određenih vremenskih epoha, društvenih dešavanja, kako od strane autora, tako i od strane publike koja uživa u ovim filmovima i tumači ih skladno sopstvenim iskustvima. Svojim specifičnim jezikom, zombi apokalipsa dekonstruiše ustanovljene društvene diskurse i konstruiše ih ponovo u narativnoj formi koja za cilj ima da izazove uznemirenost, strah i apokaliptičnu fantaziju zasnovanu na propasti zapadnog društvenog diskursa

Starting from the theoretical explications of the genre film and Cawelti’s concept of formula, this paper relates to the genre conceptualization and contextualization of the popular zombie film narrative. Pioneered by George Romero in 1968, and his film “Night of the Living Dead”, zombie film genre represents a synthesis of the apocalypse formula, science fiction, horror and the monster movie. Inspired by previous film traditions, Romero combines the elements of the mentioned film genres, offering his own vision of the end of the world, epitomized in the presence of a monster which appears simultaneously as the cause of the catastrophe and as the dominant social setting. Romero’s films can be viewed a metaphorical mirror of the era and the social climate in which they appeared. Their development can be seen as a decades old diary in which the signs of the times and social events are being inscribed by the author himself, as well as by the audience, which views these films and interprets based on their own experience. With their specific language, zombie apocalypse deconstructs the social discourse and constructs it again in the narrative form which aims to arouse uneasiness and fear, as well as to create a particular survivalist fantasy without a happy ending. These emotions and meanings altogether hint at the apocalyptic character of the contemporary society.