Urbanistički planovi gradova u Srbiji: pitanje statusa kulturnog dobra

Abstract

Istorijske karte i planovi predstavljaju autentičan i verodostojan izvor informacija o urbanističkom, istorijskom i društvenom razvoju gradova i doprinose boljem razumevanju događaja u prošlosti. Nacionalni i lokalni arhivi i muzeji čuvaju veoma značajne fondove i zbirke u kojima se nalaze urbanistički planovi, crteži i srodna dokumentacija koja svedoči o urbanom i urbanističkom razvoju gradova u Srbiji. Urbanistički planovi se često nalaze i u ustanovama, poput urbanističkih zavoda i direkcija za planiranje i izgradnju, koje nisu nadležne za pitanja zaštite. To se posebno odnosi na urbanističke planove gradova u Srbiji – generalne, detaljne i regulacione – koji su nastali tokom 20. veka. U svakodnevnoj praksi, urbanistički planovi kao istorijska dela od opšteg interesa, kako za gradove na koje se odnose, tako i za Srbiju, uglavnom ne uživaju poseban vid institucionalne zaštite, odnosno nisu prepoznata kao kulturna dobra. Tome doprinosi i činjenica da veliki deo ovog izuzetno vrednog stvaralačkog nasleđa nije proučen, evidentiran, ni publikovan, te je kao takav često nedostupan naučnoj, akademskoj i široj javnosti. Imajući u vidu značaj ove građe, kao i potrebu za povezivanjem i umrežavanjem institucija, organizacija i stručnjaka, veoma je važno istražiti i zaštititi ovu izuzetno vrednu stvaralačku baštinu. Cilj autora rada je da stručnoj i naučnoj zajednici skrene pažnju na neophodnost i važnost evidentiranja, istraživanja, sistematizacije, stručne obrade i valorizacije urbanističkih planova gradova u Srbiji, kao i da predloži mere za stavljanje u okvire institucionalne zaštite ovog kulturnog blaga koje svedoči o urbanom, prostornom, društvenom i ekonomskom razvoju gradova.

Historical maps and plans are considered as an authentic and reliable source of information of urban, historical and social development of cities, while contributing to better understanding of past events. National and local archives, libraries and museums keep very important holdings and collections containing urban plans, drawings and related documentation that testify about urban and planning development of cities in Serbia. Urban plans are often held by institutions that are not dealing with cultural heritage issues, such as urban planning offices and construction directorates. This is particularly related to urban plans of cities in Serbia – general, detailed and regulatory – that have been formulated during the 20th century. In everyday practice, urban plans as historical works of general interest, both for the cities to which they relate, and for Serbia, do not generally enjoy a special form of institutional protection, that is, they are not recognized as cultural goods. This is also due to the fact that a large part of this extremely valuable creative heritage has not been studied, recorded, nor published, and as such it is often unavailable to the scholars and general public. Bearing in mind the importance of this material, as well as the need for interacting and networking between institutions, organizations and professionals, it is very important to study and protect this extremely valuable creative heritage. The aim of this paper is to draw attention of the professional and scientific community to the necessity and importance of recording, research, systematization, expert processing and valorization of urban plans of cities in Serbia, and to propose measures for the institutional protection of this cultural heritage that testifies about urban, social and economic development of cities.