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The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos a Contribution to the Study of Ancient Cults in Upper Moesia

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2008
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Authors
Pilipović, Sanja
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos has been attested in Upper Moesia by the relief from the village of Bukovo near Negotin, eastern Serbia. The Roman supreme god was frequently shown in association with other deities but the presence of Bacchus and Hercules in such associations is Greek rather than Roman in origin. The association of Liber and Hercules was promoted by the emperor Septimius Severus, a native of the city of Leptis Magna whose patron gods were concurrently Liber and Hercules. Septimius even granted the dii patrii a sort of official recognition as patrons of the dynasty he founded. The village of Bukovo where the relief was found had not been known as an archaeological site. There is no specific evidence for the worship of Jupiter in that area, while the worship of Herakles is attested on the sites of Rovine and Tamnič near Negotin. The relief is close to north-Macedonian reliefs in style, and reflects Hellenistic and Thracian influence in associating the cults of Diony...sos and Herakles. The depicted deities are compatible and close to Septimius Severus' official religion. The central position of the supreme god indicates his importance as well as the fact that the other two deities are associated to him, as his children patrons of nature and fertility in the underground and aboveground worlds. It is also important to note that the relief confirms Hellenistic religious influences in the area of the Upper Moesian limes.

Keywords:
cults / triad / Zeus / Herakles / Dionysos / eastern Serbia / Upper Moesia / Hel­lenistic and Thracian influences
Source:
Balcanica, 2008, XXXIX, 59-68
Publisher:
  • Belgrade : Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Funding / projects:
  • Societies, cultures and communications in the Balkans in proto- and early history (RS-147018)

DOI: 10.2298/BALC0839059P

ISSN: 0350-7653

[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_4279
URI
https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/4279
Collections
  • BI SANU - Opšta kolekcija / General collection
  • Balcanica - Annual of the Institute for Balkan Studies
Institution/Community
Балканолошки институт САНУ / Institute for Balkan Studies SASA
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pilipović, Sanja
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/4279
AB  - The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos has been attested in Upper Moesia by the relief from the village of Bukovo near Negotin, eastern Serbia. The Roman supreme god was frequently shown in association with other deities but the presence of Bacchus and Hercules in such associations is Greek rather than Roman in origin. The association of Liber and Hercules was promoted by the emperor Septimius Severus, a native of the city of Leptis Magna whose patron gods were concurrently Liber and Hercules. Septimius even granted the dii patrii a sort of official recognition as patrons of the dynasty he founded. The village of Bukovo where the relief was found had not been known as an archaeological site. There is no specific evidence for the worship of Jupiter in that area, while the worship of Herakles is attested on the sites of Rovine and Tamnič near Negotin. The relief is close to north-Macedonian reliefs in style, and reflects Hellenistic and Thracian influence in associating the cults of Dionysos and Herakles. The depicted deities are compatible and close to Septimius Severus' official religion. The central position of the supreme god indicates his importance as well as the fact that the other two deities are associated to him, as his children patrons of nature and fertility in the underground and aboveground worlds. It is also important to note that the relief confirms Hellenistic religious influences in the area of the Upper Moesian limes.
PB  - Belgrade : Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
T2  - Balcanica
T1  - The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos a Contribution to the Study of Ancient Cults in Upper Moesia
SP  - 59
EP  - 68
IS  - XXXIX
DO  - 10.2298/BALC0839059P
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_4279
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Pilipović, Sanja",
year = "2008",
abstract = "The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos has been attested in Upper Moesia by the relief from the village of Bukovo near Negotin, eastern Serbia. The Roman supreme god was frequently shown in association with other deities but the presence of Bacchus and Hercules in such associations is Greek rather than Roman in origin. The association of Liber and Hercules was promoted by the emperor Septimius Severus, a native of the city of Leptis Magna whose patron gods were concurrently Liber and Hercules. Septimius even granted the dii patrii a sort of official recognition as patrons of the dynasty he founded. The village of Bukovo where the relief was found had not been known as an archaeological site. There is no specific evidence for the worship of Jupiter in that area, while the worship of Herakles is attested on the sites of Rovine and Tamnič near Negotin. The relief is close to north-Macedonian reliefs in style, and reflects Hellenistic and Thracian influence in associating the cults of Dionysos and Herakles. The depicted deities are compatible and close to Septimius Severus' official religion. The central position of the supreme god indicates his importance as well as the fact that the other two deities are associated to him, as his children patrons of nature and fertility in the underground and aboveground worlds. It is also important to note that the relief confirms Hellenistic religious influences in the area of the Upper Moesian limes.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts",
journal = "Balcanica",
title = "The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos a Contribution to the Study of Ancient Cults in Upper Moesia",
pages = "59-68",
number = "XXXIX",
doi = "10.2298/BALC0839059P",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_4279"
}
Pilipović, S.. (2008). The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos a Contribution to the Study of Ancient Cults in Upper Moesia. in Balcanica
Belgrade : Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.(XXXIX), 59-68.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC0839059P
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_4279
Pilipović S. The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos a Contribution to the Study of Ancient Cults in Upper Moesia. in Balcanica. 2008;(XXXIX):59-68.
doi:10.2298/BALC0839059P
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_4279 .
Pilipović, Sanja, "The triad Zeus, Herakles and Dionysos a Contribution to the Study of Ancient Cults in Upper Moesia" in Balcanica, no. XXXIX (2008):59-68,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BALC0839059P .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_4279 .

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