Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions
Abstract
The development of a comprehensive computational model of the pendulum test which is appropriate for the analysis of the pathologic behavior of the leg in humans with the central nervous system (CNS) lesion is presented in this review. The model relates to the pendulum movement of the lower leg (shank and the foot) in the lateral plane due to the gravity and involuntary contractions of the muscles. The viscous damping and elastic stiffness reflect the soft tissues and friction in the knee joint. To quantify the pathologic activity of paralyzed muscles a reflex torque was added to the gravity generated knee joint torque. The knee joint encoder, accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned along the shank and thigh, and EMG amplifiers were used to acquire data for the illustration of the validity of the model. We show that the linear model of the movement of the lower leg is not a good representation of the motor impairment. We show that the model expanded with the reflex torque affecting th...e movement is well suited for the pendulum analysis. The timing of the reflex torques can be determined from the EMG recordings. © Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018.
Keywords:
nonlinear pendulum model / pendulum test / spasticity / three-component muscle modelSource:
Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018, 15, 1, 1-12Publisher:
- Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science
Funding / projects:
- Research and development of ambient-intelligent service robots with anthropomorphic characteristics (RS-35003)
Collections
Institution/Community
Институт техничких наука САНУ / Institute of Technical Sciences of SASATY - JOUR AU - Popović, Dejan B. AU - Bajd, Tadej PY - 2018 UR - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/3745 AB - The development of a comprehensive computational model of the pendulum test which is appropriate for the analysis of the pathologic behavior of the leg in humans with the central nervous system (CNS) lesion is presented in this review. The model relates to the pendulum movement of the lower leg (shank and the foot) in the lateral plane due to the gravity and involuntary contractions of the muscles. The viscous damping and elastic stiffness reflect the soft tissues and friction in the knee joint. To quantify the pathologic activity of paralyzed muscles a reflex torque was added to the gravity generated knee joint torque. The knee joint encoder, accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned along the shank and thigh, and EMG amplifiers were used to acquire data for the illustration of the validity of the model. We show that the linear model of the movement of the lower leg is not a good representation of the motor impairment. We show that the model expanded with the reflex torque affecting the movement is well suited for the pendulum analysis. The timing of the reflex torques can be determined from the EMG recordings. © Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018. PB - Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science T2 - Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering T1 - Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 15 IS - 1 DO - 10.2298/SJEE171204006P UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745 ER -
@article{ author = "Popović, Dejan B. and Bajd, Tadej", year = "2018", abstract = "The development of a comprehensive computational model of the pendulum test which is appropriate for the analysis of the pathologic behavior of the leg in humans with the central nervous system (CNS) lesion is presented in this review. The model relates to the pendulum movement of the lower leg (shank and the foot) in the lateral plane due to the gravity and involuntary contractions of the muscles. The viscous damping and elastic stiffness reflect the soft tissues and friction in the knee joint. To quantify the pathologic activity of paralyzed muscles a reflex torque was added to the gravity generated knee joint torque. The knee joint encoder, accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned along the shank and thigh, and EMG amplifiers were used to acquire data for the illustration of the validity of the model. We show that the linear model of the movement of the lower leg is not a good representation of the motor impairment. We show that the model expanded with the reflex torque affecting the movement is well suited for the pendulum analysis. The timing of the reflex torques can be determined from the EMG recordings. © Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018.", publisher = "Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science", journal = "Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering", title = "Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions", pages = "1-12", volume = "15", number = "1", doi = "10.2298/SJEE171204006P", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745" }
Popović, D. B.,& Bajd, T.. (2018). Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions. in Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science., 15(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2298/SJEE171204006P https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745
Popović DB, Bajd T. Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions. in Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018;15(1):1-12. doi:10.2298/SJEE171204006P https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745 .
Popović, Dejan B., Bajd, Tadej, "Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions" in Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 15, no. 1 (2018):1-12, https://doi.org/10.2298/SJEE171204006P ., https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745 .