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Šumski požari ugrožavaju proizvodnju biomase u Evropskoj uniji: iskustva Portugalije, Španije i Francuske nameću preventivne mere za Srbiju

Forest fires threaten biomass production in the EU: experiences from Portugal, Spain and France impose Preventive measures for Serbia

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Authors
Milenković, Milan
Dedić, Aleksandar
Doljak, Dejan
Contributors
Stević, Zoran
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Abstract
Države Evropske unije u poslednje vreme ulažu sredstva u obnovljive izvore energije, što se posebno odnosi na šumsku biomasu. U Portugaliji, Španiji i Francuskoj se povećava broj termoelektrana i kogenerativnih CHP postrojenja za sagorevanje i gasifikaciju šumske biomase. Sagorevanjem tradicionalne biomase oslobađa se količina CO2 koja je prethodno uzeta iz atmosfere, tako da je nivo emisije gasova sa efektom staklene bašte niži u poređenju sa tradicionalnim elektranama na ugalj. U Portugaliji najveći deo šumske biomase dobija se iz borova i eukaliptusa. Pri tome, više od 50% šumske biomase je iz proreda i čišćenja kultura borova i eukaliptusa. Potrugalija, Španija i Francuska su države Evropske unije koje su posebno pogođene šumskim požarima. U periodu 1980-2014. godine zabeležen je trend porasta ukupne godišnje opožarene površine u Portugaliji, dok je u Španiji i Francuskoj konstatovan trend smanjenja. Naročito velike štete zabeležene su u Portugaliji 2003. godine, kada su požari zah...vatili oko 5% teritorije ove države i kada je opožareno 280.000 hektara šuma. U ovom slučaju, problem takođe predstavlja i prisustvo lako zapaljivih vrsta drveća.

The EU states have been recently investing in the funds for renewable energy sources, especially for forest biomass. In Portugal, Spain and France, the number of thermal power plants and cogenerative CHP plants for combustion and gasification of forest biomass is increasing. By combustion of traditional biomass, the amount of CO2 that has been previously taken from the atmosphere is released, so the level of greenhouse gases emission is lower in comparison with conventional coal power plants. In Portugal, the biggest part of forest biomass is obtained from the pines and eucalyptus. In addition, more than 50% of forest biomass originates from thinning and cleaning of pine and eucalyptus plantations. The EU countries especially affected by forest fires are Portugal, Spain and France. In the period 1980-2014 increasing trend of the total annual burned area was recorded in Portugal, while decreasing trend was registered in Spain and France. Particularly great damage was recorded... in Portugal in 2003, when fires covered about 5% of state territory and 280,000 ha of forest were burnt. In this case, the problem is also the presence of flammable tree species.

Keywords:
šumski požari / preventivne mere zaštite / države Evropske unije / Srbija / forest fires / preventive protection measures / EU states / Serbia
Source:
Zbornik radova [Elektronski izvor] / Četvrta međunarodna konferencija o obnovljivim izvorima električne energije MKOIEE '16, 2016, 215-220
Publisher:
  • Beograd : Savez mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije – SMEITS
Projects:
  • Geography of Serbia (RS-47007)

ISBN: 978-86-81505-80-9

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URI
http://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/1659
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  • ГИ САНУ - Радови истраживача / GI SASA - Researchers' publications
Institution
Географски институт „Јован Цвијић“ САНУ / Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijić SASA

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