Хиландарци и Јевреји (XVI–XVII век)
The monks of the Chilandar Monastery and Jews (16th-17th centuries)
Апстракт
На основу османских докумената манастира Хиландара обра-
ђени су односи хиландарских монаха и Јевреја у XVI и XVII веку. Издвојени
су службени контакти, који се нису могли избећи од оних до којих је долазило
обостраном слободном вољом и из обостраних интереса. Верске предрасуде,
ако су и постојале, нису се очитовале на пословном плану. Хиландарци су
најчешће позајмљивали новац, а спорови су избијали због незаконите или
погрешно обрачунате камате, као и због немогућности да се врати дуг. Игумани
Хиландара понекад су сâми изабирали Јевреје да заступају манастир приликом
куповине и продаје некретнина. Очигледно је да су имали поверења у њих као
у економске стручњаке. Везе и искуство у финансијском свету и трговини, као
и могућност да се у кратком року сакупи висок готовински износ, препоручи-
вали су манастиру Хиландару Јевреје као пословне партнере.
In the period of Ottoman rule, Orthodox Christians in the Balkans followed economic
trends and behaved according to existing laws. The elders from the Chilandar
monastery, as well as all Athonite monks, acted accordingly. If the monks
had some religious prejudices towards Jews, just like towards Muslims, these were
never associated with business relations. Ottoman documents from the archive of
the Chilandar monastery bear evidence to highly developed trade dealings, credit
transactions, as well as the presence of Jewish merchants on Mount Athos. The
monastic fraternity of Chilandar took out loans from Jewish creditors, usually
those from Thessaloniki and Siderokavsia, especially in case of large sums that
were difficult to obtain from other sources. It seems that they pledged their estates
(metochia) until the payment of their debts, if Jewish creditors who for a time
governed the large Chilandar metochion in Üç Ev (Neochorion, Kalamaria) are to
be believed. The largest loa...ns were taken out during the period of the so-called
“confiscation affair” (1568/1569), when the monastic community of Chilandar (just
like all other monasteries in the Empire) was forced to purchase its own estates from
the state. Jewish creditors sometimes charged unlawful interest rates, as evidenced
by disputes held at kadı courts. There are examples showing that the hegumens
of Chilandar voluntarily took Jews for their legal representatives (vekils) in real
estate transactions, which needed to be registered at the kadi court. They clearly
trusted the Jews as financial experts. Their commercial expertise and ability to
raise large funds in a short period of time made the Jews useful business partners
of the Chilandar monastery
Кључне речи:
Манастир Хиландар / Јевреји / XVI–XVII век / Османско царство / Hilandar Monastery / Jews / XVI-XVII centuries / The Ottoman EmpireИзвор:
Хиландарски зборник = Recueil de Chilandar, 2021, 15, 155-168Издавач:
- Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности
TY - CONF AU - Фотић, Александар PY - 2021 UR - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/13823 AB - На основу османских докумената манастира Хиландара обра- ђени су односи хиландарских монаха и Јевреја у XVI и XVII веку. Издвојени су службени контакти, који се нису могли избећи од оних до којих је долазило обостраном слободном вољом и из обостраних интереса. Верске предрасуде, ако су и постојале, нису се очитовале на пословном плану. Хиландарци су најчешће позајмљивали новац, а спорови су избијали због незаконите или погрешно обрачунате камате, као и због немогућности да се врати дуг. Игумани Хиландара понекад су сâми изабирали Јевреје да заступају манастир приликом куповине и продаје некретнина. Очигледно је да су имали поверења у њих као у економске стручњаке. Везе и искуство у финансијском свету и трговини, као и могућност да се у кратком року сакупи висок готовински износ, препоручи- вали су манастиру Хиландару Јевреје као пословне партнере. AB - In the period of Ottoman rule, Orthodox Christians in the Balkans followed economic trends and behaved according to existing laws. The elders from the Chilandar monastery, as well as all Athonite monks, acted accordingly. If the monks had some religious prejudices towards Jews, just like towards Muslims, these were never associated with business relations. Ottoman documents from the archive of the Chilandar monastery bear evidence to highly developed trade dealings, credit transactions, as well as the presence of Jewish merchants on Mount Athos. The monastic fraternity of Chilandar took out loans from Jewish creditors, usually those from Thessaloniki and Siderokavsia, especially in case of large sums that were difficult to obtain from other sources. It seems that they pledged their estates (metochia) until the payment of their debts, if Jewish creditors who for a time governed the large Chilandar metochion in Üç Ev (Neochorion, Kalamaria) are to be believed. The largest loans were taken out during the period of the so-called “confiscation affair” (1568/1569), when the monastic community of Chilandar (just like all other monasteries in the Empire) was forced to purchase its own estates from the state. Jewish creditors sometimes charged unlawful interest rates, as evidenced by disputes held at kadı courts. There are examples showing that the hegumens of Chilandar voluntarily took Jews for their legal representatives (vekils) in real estate transactions, which needed to be registered at the kadi court. They clearly trusted the Jews as financial experts. Their commercial expertise and ability to raise large funds in a short period of time made the Jews useful business partners of the Chilandar monastery PB - Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности C3 - Хиландарски зборник = Recueil de Chilandar T1 - Хиландарци и Јевреји (XVI–XVII век) T1 - The monks of the Chilandar Monastery and Jews (16th-17th centuries) SP - 155 EP - 168 VL - 15 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_13823 ER -
@conference{ author = "Фотић, Александар", year = "2021", abstract = "На основу османских докумената манастира Хиландара обра- ђени су односи хиландарских монаха и Јевреја у XVI и XVII веку. Издвојени су службени контакти, који се нису могли избећи од оних до којих је долазило обостраном слободном вољом и из обостраних интереса. Верске предрасуде, ако су и постојале, нису се очитовале на пословном плану. Хиландарци су најчешће позајмљивали новац, а спорови су избијали због незаконите или погрешно обрачунате камате, као и због немогућности да се врати дуг. Игумани Хиландара понекад су сâми изабирали Јевреје да заступају манастир приликом куповине и продаје некретнина. Очигледно је да су имали поверења у њих као у економске стручњаке. Везе и искуство у финансијском свету и трговини, као и могућност да се у кратком року сакупи висок готовински износ, препоручи- вали су манастиру Хиландару Јевреје као пословне партнере., In the period of Ottoman rule, Orthodox Christians in the Balkans followed economic trends and behaved according to existing laws. The elders from the Chilandar monastery, as well as all Athonite monks, acted accordingly. If the monks had some religious prejudices towards Jews, just like towards Muslims, these were never associated with business relations. Ottoman documents from the archive of the Chilandar monastery bear evidence to highly developed trade dealings, credit transactions, as well as the presence of Jewish merchants on Mount Athos. The monastic fraternity of Chilandar took out loans from Jewish creditors, usually those from Thessaloniki and Siderokavsia, especially in case of large sums that were difficult to obtain from other sources. It seems that they pledged their estates (metochia) until the payment of their debts, if Jewish creditors who for a time governed the large Chilandar metochion in Üç Ev (Neochorion, Kalamaria) are to be believed. The largest loans were taken out during the period of the so-called “confiscation affair” (1568/1569), when the monastic community of Chilandar (just like all other monasteries in the Empire) was forced to purchase its own estates from the state. Jewish creditors sometimes charged unlawful interest rates, as evidenced by disputes held at kadı courts. There are examples showing that the hegumens of Chilandar voluntarily took Jews for their legal representatives (vekils) in real estate transactions, which needed to be registered at the kadi court. They clearly trusted the Jews as financial experts. Their commercial expertise and ability to raise large funds in a short period of time made the Jews useful business partners of the Chilandar monastery", publisher = "Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности", journal = "Хиландарски зборник = Recueil de Chilandar", title = "Хиландарци и Јевреји (XVI–XVII век), The monks of the Chilandar Monastery and Jews (16th-17th centuries)", pages = "155-168", volume = "15", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_13823" }
Фотић, А.. (2021). Хиландарци и Јевреји (XVI–XVII век). in Хиландарски зборник = Recueil de Chilandar Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности., 15, 155-168. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_13823
Фотић А. Хиландарци и Јевреји (XVI–XVII век). in Хиландарски зборник = Recueil de Chilandar. 2021;15:155-168. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_13823 .
Фотић, Александар, "Хиландарци и Јевреји (XVI–XVII век)" in Хиландарски зборник = Recueil de Chilandar, 15 (2021):155-168, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_13823 .