Piezoelectric And Pyroelectric Properties Of Fe/Pb/Zr-co-doped Barium Titanate Ceramics

Abstract

Powdery mixtures of 50 mass% Fe, 4 mass% Pb, 3 mass% Zr and 43 mass% BaTiO3 were mechanochemically activated via planetary ball mill for time periods spanning from 30 min to 300 min and subsequently sintered for 2 hours at 1200 °C in the dynamic atmosphere of air. Of all the samples, the one activated for 270 min exibited the most prominent piezoelectric effect of up to 1.17 mV under the applied pressure of 113 kPa with the relaxation time of 85 s. The pressure dependence of voltage showed three successive, distinct domains in which the voltage rise differed, with the rate of 0.09 mV/kPa in the initial one (ranging from 0.00 kPa to 5.66 kPa of the external pressure), 0.01 mV/kPa in the second one (from 5.66 kPa to 56.60 kPa) and ultimately the plateau occuring from approximately 60 kPa onwards. When heated to 200 °C, the same sample manifested the biggest pyroelectric effect as well, being 0.55 mV with no external field applied, as well as 1.04 mV when subjected to the homogenous magnetic field of 50 kA/m, thus yielding a 89% net increase of the incited voltage observed.