Freeze vs. Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material
Authors
Jovanović, Aleksandra A.Lević, Steva M.

Pavlović, Vladimir B.

Marković, Smilja B.

Pjanović, Rada V.
Đorđević, Verica B.
Nedović, Viktor

Bugarski, Branko M.

Article (Published version)
Metadata
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Freeze drying was compared with spray drying regarding feasibility to process wild thyme drugs in order to obtain dry formulations at laboratory scale starting from liquid extracts produced by different extraction methods: maceration and heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions. Higher total powder yield (based on the dry weight prior to extraction) was achieved by freeze than spray drying and lower loss of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) due to the drying process. Gelatin as a coating agent (5% w/w) provided better TPC recovery by 70% in case of lyophilization and higher total powder yield in case of spray drying by diminishing material deposition on the wall of the drying chamber. The resulting gelatin-free and gelatin-containing powders carried polyphenols in amount ~190 and 53–75 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of powder, respectively. Microwave-assisted extract formulation was distinguished from the others by a higher content of poly...phenols, proteins and sugars, higher bulk density and lower solubility. The type of the drying process mainly affected the position of the gelatin-derived -OH and amide bands in FTIR spectra. Spray-dried formulations compared to freeze-dried expressed higher thermal stability as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and a higher diffusion coefficient; the last feature can be associated with the lower specific surface area of irregularly shaped freeze-dried particles (151–223 µm) compared to small microspheres (~8 µm) in spray-dried powder.
Keywords:
encapsulation / gelatin / freeze drying / polyphenols / spray dryingSource:
Molecules, 2021, 26, 13, 3933-Publisher:
- Basel : MDPI AG
Funding / projects:
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200287 (Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (RS-200287)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200135 (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (RS-200135)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, Grant no. 200003 (Institute for Medicinal Plant Research 'Dr. Josif Pančić ', Belgrade) (RS-200003)
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133933
ISSN: 1420-3049
WoS: 000672012700001
Scopus: 2-s2.0-85109563316
Institution/Community
Институт техничких наука САНУ / Institute of Technical Sciences of SASATY - JOUR AU - Jovanović, Aleksandra A. AU - Lević, Steva M. AU - Pavlović, Vladimir B. AU - Marković, Smilja B. AU - Pjanović, Rada V. AU - Đorđević, Verica B. AU - Nedović, Viktor AU - Bugarski, Branko M. PY - 2021 UR - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/11798 AB - Freeze drying was compared with spray drying regarding feasibility to process wild thyme drugs in order to obtain dry formulations at laboratory scale starting from liquid extracts produced by different extraction methods: maceration and heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions. Higher total powder yield (based on the dry weight prior to extraction) was achieved by freeze than spray drying and lower loss of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) due to the drying process. Gelatin as a coating agent (5% w/w) provided better TPC recovery by 70% in case of lyophilization and higher total powder yield in case of spray drying by diminishing material deposition on the wall of the drying chamber. The resulting gelatin-free and gelatin-containing powders carried polyphenols in amount ~190 and 53–75 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of powder, respectively. Microwave-assisted extract formulation was distinguished from the others by a higher content of polyphenols, proteins and sugars, higher bulk density and lower solubility. The type of the drying process mainly affected the position of the gelatin-derived -OH and amide bands in FTIR spectra. Spray-dried formulations compared to freeze-dried expressed higher thermal stability as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and a higher diffusion coefficient; the last feature can be associated with the lower specific surface area of irregularly shaped freeze-dried particles (151–223 µm) compared to small microspheres (~8 µm) in spray-dried powder. PB - Basel : MDPI AG T2 - Molecules T1 - Freeze vs. Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material SP - 3933 VL - 26 IS - 13 DO - 10.3390/molecules26133933 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_11798 ER -
@article{ author = "Jovanović, Aleksandra A. and Lević, Steva M. and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Marković, Smilja B. and Pjanović, Rada V. and Đorđević, Verica B. and Nedović, Viktor and Bugarski, Branko M.", year = "2021", abstract = "Freeze drying was compared with spray drying regarding feasibility to process wild thyme drugs in order to obtain dry formulations at laboratory scale starting from liquid extracts produced by different extraction methods: maceration and heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions. Higher total powder yield (based on the dry weight prior to extraction) was achieved by freeze than spray drying and lower loss of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) due to the drying process. Gelatin as a coating agent (5% w/w) provided better TPC recovery by 70% in case of lyophilization and higher total powder yield in case of spray drying by diminishing material deposition on the wall of the drying chamber. The resulting gelatin-free and gelatin-containing powders carried polyphenols in amount ~190 and 53–75 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of powder, respectively. Microwave-assisted extract formulation was distinguished from the others by a higher content of polyphenols, proteins and sugars, higher bulk density and lower solubility. The type of the drying process mainly affected the position of the gelatin-derived -OH and amide bands in FTIR spectra. Spray-dried formulations compared to freeze-dried expressed higher thermal stability as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and a higher diffusion coefficient; the last feature can be associated with the lower specific surface area of irregularly shaped freeze-dried particles (151–223 µm) compared to small microspheres (~8 µm) in spray-dried powder.", publisher = "Basel : MDPI AG", journal = "Molecules", title = "Freeze vs. Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material", pages = "3933", volume = "26", number = "13", doi = "10.3390/molecules26133933", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_11798" }
Jovanović, A. A., Lević, S. M., Pavlović, V. B., Marković, S. B., Pjanović, R. V., Đorđević, V. B., Nedović, V.,& Bugarski, B. M.. (2021). Freeze vs. Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material. in Molecules Basel : MDPI AG., 26(13), 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133933 https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_11798
Jovanović AA, Lević SM, Pavlović VB, Marković SB, Pjanović RV, Đorđević VB, Nedović V, Bugarski BM. Freeze vs. Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material. in Molecules. 2021;26(13):3933. doi:10.3390/molecules26133933 https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_11798 .
Jovanović, Aleksandra A., Lević, Steva M., Pavlović, Vladimir B., Marković, Smilja B., Pjanović, Rada V., Đorđević, Verica B., Nedović, Viktor, Bugarski, Branko M., "Freeze vs. Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material" in Molecules, 26, no. 13 (2021):3933, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133933 ., https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_11798 .