Утицај Споразума из Париза о климатским променама на развој пољопривреде и села у Србији

Abstract

Стављањем потписа на Споразум из Париза о климат- ским променама Република Србија се придружила напорима светске заједни- це да се конкретним, обавезујућим мерама ограничи раст температуре наше Планете на вредности испод 1,50C. Коришћење угља у термо-електра нама за производњу електричне енергије је идентификовано као један од најзначај- них узрочника ове појаве. Државе чланице Европске уније (ЕУ) и OECD су се обавезале да ће до 2030. године трансформисати свој енергетски сектор, како би функционисао без употребе угља. Кина је преузела обавезу да ће овај циљ испунити до 2040. године, док је рок за остале државе и државе у развоју постављен за 2050. годину. Имплементација Париског уговора представљаће велики изазов за Републику Србију која тренутно велику већину, између 60 и 70 одсто својих потреба за електричном енергијом, обезбеђује из термо- електрана на угаљ. Пољопривреда и сеоска подручја са својим енергетским потребама чине значајан део енергетског биланса Републике Србије. Корис- тећи искуства развијених држава, чланица ЕУ и конципирањем адекватних мера државне помоћи, могуће је ефикасно активирање локалних ресурса за производњу различитих видова енергије и енергената. Поред доприноса у задовољавању домаће енергетске тражње, ове делатности могу представљати значајну полугу будућег пољопривредног и сеоског развоја Србије.

Climate change is a phenomenon that dramatically jeopardizes the future development of all countries, regardless of their geographical position or economic, political and military strength. With the adoption of the Climate Change Agreement within the framework of the United Nations, mankind decided to prevent warming of our planet from active measures. Th e Republic of Serbia is part of this joint eff ort. Even before the adoption of the Paris Agreement, EU Member States have set a satisfactory basis for their operations today, as well as their policies, as well as the adoption of common policies. Depending on the resources available to the state, the general state of the energy sector, and the inherited problems from the past, there are diff erent timescales that describe the transition period. A number of European research projects have shown that there is a clear link between the use of coal as fuel for the production of electricity and the increase in respiratory and other diseases. Th e fi rst calculations carried out on the basis of diff erent economic approaches indicate that this phenomenon signifi - cantly aff ects the costs of health funds. Th is cost is very high in the Republic of Serbia, taking into account the size of its population. Th e problem of the negative impact of coal use in electricity generation has so far been completely ignored when considering and making important decisions for the further development of the energy sector. Th e Republic of Serbia has entered into the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and in that way has assumed the obligations to carry out the transition of its energy sector. Th is process will be very challenging, because the current production of electricity is mostly done using coal. By adopting the legal framework necessary to support the development and use of renewable sources, the starting assumptions for successful implementation of this process have been created. Agriculture as an economy branch and population living in rural areas consumes about one third of the electricity consumed on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Organizing replacement power generation using local resources available in rural areas would signifi cantly facilitate the transition process. Th e calculations show that partial use of available biomass can cover about 40 percent of the demand for electricity for agriculture and rural population. By activating the potential of solar energy, and by building mini hydro power plants, it is possible to approach the goal of ensuring energy independence and self-suffi ciency of rural areas. Th is production, according to its economic potential, could represent the second largest source of income for the rural population aft er traditional agricultural production and processing of agricultural products. Most EU Member States have developed a whole set of incentive measures to encourage farmers to start producing “green” electricity. At the initial stage, a strong coordinated state support at the national, regional and local levels is needed. Established partnership with the German province of Baden-Virtenberg, which is undoubtedly the leader in this area throughout the EU, enables a reliable transfer of knowledge, technologies and experiences that need to be adapted to the conditions in the Republic of Serbia as soon as possible and applied in practice. Th e Republic of Serbia can use a number of EU funds to fi nance projects of this type.