@conference{
author = "Субић, Jонел В. and Васиљевић, Зорица Р.",
year = "2019",
abstract = "И поред чињенице да је економски раст избавио из
сиромаштва значајан део светске популације, мора се прихватити аргумен-
тована констатација да је овај процес био спроведен на рачун угрожавања
животне средине и социјалних аспеката, те да није обезбедио корист свим
категоријама становништва. Из тог разлога намеће се потреба да економски
раст обезбеди социјалну и еколошку одрживост, која мора да се избори са
појавама друштвене маргинализације и прекомерне потрошње ресурса.
У складу са концептом одрживог развоја, пољопривреди се намеће кон-
цепт развоја на принципима зелене економије и коришћења обновљивих из-
вора енергије (ОИЕ), који захтевају минимално ангажовање ограничених
земљишних и водних ресурса и не нарушавају њихов еколошки статус. С
обзиром да је коришћење ОИЕ веома актуелно у пољопривреди економски
развијених земаља, а да у нашим условима не постоји довољно информација
које се односе на примену и оправданост коришћења ОИЕ у пољопривреди,
циљ истраживања анализираног у овом раду се огледа у оптимизацији еко-
номских резултата примене нових технологија у пољопривредној производњи
(соларних електрогенератора, ветрогенератора и биогасних енергана)., Protection of the agro environment and preservation of the quality and healthy food safety has as a starting point the restoration of the links between agriculture and nature. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure that economic growth provides welfare for both society and the environment, and that the strategic development goal of the Republic of Serbia remains the link between renewable energy sources and the concept of sustainable development. Based on frequent climate changes and limited land and water resources, agriculture is urged to develop on the principles of green economy and the use of renewable energy sources (RES), which require minimal engagement of limited land and water resources and do not impair their ecological status. Th e development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation and the promotion of an economy that makes more effi cient use of resources, which is greenеr and more competitive, among other things, also intensifi es the competitiveness of agriculture by promoting innovation, restoration, conservation and improvement of ecosystems and more effi cient use of resources. From the aspect of technological competitiveness, the vegetable production (whether it is taking place in an open fi eld, whether organized in a protected space as e.g. greenhouse, plastic-house), must satisfy the basic conditions of profitability, food security and health safety. In our production conditions, under the pressure of climate changes, the vegetable production requires the application of irrigation and acceptance of this measure as the basic item of variable costs. Th e economic and ecological aspects of the new technologies’ application (mobile robotized solar electric generator and mobile wind turbine) in agriculture (i.e. the open-fi eld cabbage production and the plastic-house tomato production), by utilization of the irrigation systems at the family farms (A and B), have been analyzed by utilization of the direct costs’ calculations. In both cases, positive gross margins have been achieved (especially in 2017 – 856,378.57 dinars/ha in production of cabbage in the open fi eld, or 1,832,075.42 dinars/ha in tomato production in plastic-house), which points to the fact that the farms managed well with the technological process of vegetable production, both in the open fi eld and in the plastic-house. Observed by production lines, in the structure of variable costs the most prominent costs are those of engaged labor force (due to the specifi city of the technological process, which are especially emphasized in the production of tomatoes in 2017 – 1,988,272.33 dinars/ha, or 41.78%). Th e energy costs for irrigation system (diesel and gasoline) were at a relatively low level (with the amount of 43,714.80 dinars/ha and participation in total variable costs of 6.38% in the open fi eld cabbage production, and up to the amount of 531,259.48 dinar/ha and participation of 11.16% in the tomato production in plastic-houses). Th e obtained results point to the conclusion that family farms have to fi nd out both cheaper and environmentally cleaner energy alternatives for the application of irrigation agro-technical measurements in the vegetables’ production. Th e optimal solution was found in the application of solar energy (by utilization of the mobile robotized solar electric generator) as well as the wind energy (by utilization of the mobile wind turbine). Th e constant oil price fl uctuations and the rise in the electricity price on the world market, as well as the high share of the petroleum products’ costs and electricity in the total costs of agricultural production, imposes the need for alternative solutions.From the point of view of the total production costs’ reduction, an increase
in energy effi ciency in agricultural production is also refl ected in the possibility
of using energy from biomass, beside the utilization of the solar and wind energy.
By construction of the biogas power plant (the case of the farm C), the
production of “green energy” has been realized, the waste material of organic origin
has been processed and positively has been infl uenced by the environmental
protection, providing not only a large number of jobs, but also signifi cant profi t
margins.
In addition to ecological justifi cation, investments in the vegetable processing
factory, the biogas plant and the cattle fattening farm provide signifi cant economic
benefi ts. Th e realized revenues from the sales of obtained products (in the
full capacity year) amounts to 14,764,291.00 dinars, which is enough to cover the
total outfl ows (9,798,956.00 dinars) and to provide the net infl ows (4,965,335.00
dinars).
Summarizing the results of production lines on selected farms (A, B and C), a
general conclusion can be drawn that the application of new analyzed technologies
is not only justifi ed from the environmental aspect and aspect of sustainability, but
their application is justifi ed from an economic point of view as well.",
publisher = "Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности",
journal = "Обновљиво коришћење природних ресурса у сеоским подручјима Србије",
title = "Оптимизација економских резултата пољопривредне производње путем примене нових технологија, Optimization of economic results of agricultural production trough applying new technologies",
pages = "237-259",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10177"
}
