@conference{
author = "Васић, Воислав",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Разматрају се се могућности вредновања птица у склопу
биолошке разноврсности и услуга екосистема, и отвара више приступа тим
питањима. Даје се широк преглед примера значајности и значења птица у ли-
тератури, језику, археологији, етнологији и другим областима стваралаштва.
Разматрају се принципи права коришћења вредности птица. Указује се на неоп-
ходност планирања (дизајнирања) истраживања вредности птица у Србији. По-
себно се наглашава све већа потреба уочавања и вредновања птица-индикатора
промена у екосистемима. Недостатак мрежа за мониторинг и професионалних
орнитолога, може се ублажити уз ослонац на грађанску науку (наводе се успеш-
ни примери)., Unsuffiscent awarness on the importance of the existence of birds is
among the major reasons why the results of scientific ornirhological research so
poorely end in its implementation in ecomomic development, in environmental
conservation, in education, culture and other social activities. Consequently,
in Serbia, there are the irregularity of financial support to bird studies, the
shortage in professional ornithologists, and the lack of regular academic
curricula on the Class Aves.
The perception of the importance of birds evolved conceptually during
time. In 19th and 20th centuries in Serbia dominated a concept of the practical,
so-called economic importance of birds. It was based on divergently evaluating
each bird species either as beneficial or as a pest. In modern agronomy and
forestry, evidence on activities of the birds, allied to humans, increased.
Positivelly have been valuated especially perching bird species when controll
the insects as pests, and some raptors and owls – predators of rodents. And
oppositelly, lot of birds have been labelled negativelly and considered nuissible in agroculture and forestry. Problem appears when the same species, such as
some raptors, are mutually beneficial (controlling rodents) and nuissible (taking
poultry). In cities, negative attitude is recorded toward gregarious species
that pollute public and private surfaces. The conflicts between fisheries and
piscivorous birds are notoriuous. Gregarious birds attracted by huge airport
landing areas and runways cause a serious security risk to the air transport.
In the first half of 20th century the more sound question of assessing the
importance of birds excallates, pollarising the experts into conservationists
and representatives of development interests. As a result of first attempting
to compromisingly regulate this matter, the international Convention for the
Protection of Birds Useful to Agriculture was signed in Paris 1902. Serbian
national lows followed this approach and forbided destruction of beneficial
species, allowing (and even ordering) killing of bird pests. By the end of the first
half of 20th century the scientists renowned in Serbia start to publicly emphasise
the deficiencies of such an black/white concept. Step by step, in novelling hunt
regulations the number of pest species officially decreased to few.
As a result of environmental studies and under recommendations of
Biodiversity Convention, the evaluation of birds in Serbia of 21th century
conversed to the concept of the protection of natural values and conservation
of biological diversity. Instead of most beneficial to economy, most valuable
species become those most threatened, in need of most protection, to be
safeguarded from extinction. Simultaneously, birds were evaluated in the
scope of famous ecosystem services. Among cultural services, birds provide
physical and intellectual, as well as spiritual, symbolic and other interactions
with humans. True, in all cultures and religions birds play important roles.
From the earliest childhood, man admires birds. Some authors recognise this
as fascination of birds.
The reflection or perception of the birds in traditional and contemporary
creativity is multifold. The semantics of birds in general, and of individual
species is complex in the cultural, linguistic, literary, artistic, historiographic,
scientific, mythological, religious, political, and any other aspects. In fact, the
reflection on birds in us, tells much more on us than on birds, as proved as yet in
childish drawings. Birds are mentioned already in the starting sentence of Iliad,
in the very beginning step of European literature. A bird is the first word of the
first verse of the earliest record of a Serbian epic poem from 15th century. An
unexpected avian allegoric antithesis in the beginning of one among the oldest
Serbian epic poems, the one on the Fall of Serbian Empire, uses two different
bird species as personifications of saints. Birds have specific position in Serbian,
as well as in most other languages, that could be considered as the oldest and
most persistent treasure of memorised experiences. Significance of lexic richness
becommes obvious in the fact that average people knows many more traditional
species names of birds than the number of species they can describe or identify
on the plates or in the field. Even the designers of national courts of arms used to be unfamiliar with proper appearences of the birds they depicted. The harizmas
and symbolic significances of some species do not correspond necessarily with
natural characteristics of given birds. This divergence originates back to the
ancient times and was communicated to modern days by medieval Physiologuses,
didactic religious textes, translated to Serbian. The early inhabitants of todays
Serbia gave an enormous importance to the birds. Archaeological findings from
the Iron and Bronze Ages allong the middle course of Daube, and wider in
central parts of Balcan Peninsula, contain a dominating number of votive and
ritual ornithomorphic objects and pottery carrying avian depictions. In the same
ages presentation of any other animal are very few.
The abbility of birds to play the roles of excellent bioindicators is one of the
classical service values in cathegory of regulating and sustaining ecosystems.
Birds may indicate the status of ecosystem, the quality of habitat, the effects of
climatic changes, the pollution, the spread of diseases, as well as many other
changes, processes and phenomena. However, there is no instiutional service,
project nor network for monitoring birds as indicators of ecological changes.
Instead of that, there are some well organised and efficient programmes of civil
research.
Civil ornithological organisations in Serbia attract increasing number of
amateur bird-watchers, bird photogaphers and naturalists. In that way, those
organisations become a value themself because they create a new value –
enhance the quality of life for their members. Consequently, a new interest
group appears, with the conservation of existential values of birds as a principal
goal. This social group calls publicly for its civil right to utilise the natural
values and opposes to other such groups (hunters, fishermen) aiming to exploit
nature`s welth exclusively.",
publisher = "Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности",
journal = "Eколошки и економски значај фауне Србије : зборник радова са научног скупа 17. новембар 2016.",
title = "О важности птица : примери егзистенцијалне вредности и практичног значаја у Србији, On the importance of birds : examples of the existental value and practical significance of the birds in Serbia",
pages = "67-102",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_10624"
}
