@article{
author = "Живојиновић, Мирјана and Савић, Виктор",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Упоредном анализом грчке и српске верзије текста утврђује се веродостојност уговора између архиепископа Саве и представникâ светогорске управе у време прота Јевсевија (августа 1228), али се одвајају и слојеви из различитог времена, уобичајени за један документ који постоји у више преписа. Утврђује се начин настанка обеју верзија и прецизан однос међу њиховим рукописним традицијама, као и дипломатички статус појединих примерака, нарочито два старија грчка и јединог српског примерка. Методолошким раздвајањем текстуалног и догађајног плана у документу и праћењем доследности и одступања у сачуваним варијантама текстова, показује се да је грчки текст настао личном Савином прерадом претходног уговора из времена прота Теоктиста (1215–1218/1219), али да је сам оригинал највероватније писао Савин сарадник, да је најстарији грчки примерак препис из времена светога Саве (како је сматрао и В. А. Мошин), да је српскословенски превод настао нешто после Савине смрти (око 1235/1236), да је на основу њега сачињен међупрепис (око 1498/1499), с којег је писан једини сачуван препис, вероватно из руке једнога Руса или српског монаха који је добро познавао руску канцеларијску писменост (почетак или прве деценије XVII века). Из грчких преписа поменутог уговора, као и из његове српске верзије, сазнаје се да је Сава у два наврата као архимандрит и архиепископ купио земљиште намењено винограду за Светосавску испосницу у Кареји., The paper discusses Archbishop Sava’s Agreement on the Land Purchase of
a Vineyard for the Cell of St. Sabbas the Sanctified in Karyes, which has survived
in three Greek copies and a Serbian Slavonic translation, also a copy. Seen as a
whole in the two versions in different languages, it emerges as a document with
conflicting chronological indicators and a problematic titulature for Sava. It is the
only document containing information on protos Theoktistos and protos Eusebios,
with the double appearance of protos Theoktistos in the Serbian exemplar as a protos
that served two mandates being questionable. An analysis of the paleographic,
orthographic and linguistic, textological, and diplomatic features of the document
copies, taking into account the dates of Sava’s stays on Mount Athos and his consecration
as hieromonk, archimandrite, and archbishop, suggests that the Agreement
was made during Sava’s last visit to Mount Athos, on his way home from his first journey to the Holy Land. Sava briefly stopped at Karyes on the eve of the feast of
the Dormition of the Virgin, when an Athonite synod was taking place, allowing us
to date the document to ca. 15 August 1228. Since the information in the Serbian
exemplar is of a secondary nature, only the Greek exemplars are relevant for determining
the original chronological indicators – especially the middle, parchment
exemplar, which has survived in its entirety and was written in the third quarter of
the 14th century. The first indiction proves correct, but not the year: 6701 of the Era
of the World (= 1192/1193 AD). A paleographic-numerical analysis has shown that
the original must have contained the year 7636 (= 1227/1228 AD), which was miscopied
in the middle Greek copy. The earliest Greek exemplar, written on bombycine
paper, could have been created in the time of St. Sava. A linguistic-textological and
diplomatic analysis, building on the paleographic assessment, reveals that this exemplar
could have been copied from a draft after Sava had already left Karyes. That
one and other Greek exemplars do not have Sava’s “fore-mark,” a personal signature
with a cross above the main text, although it does begin with a cross as a symbolic
invocation; the Serbian exemplar does have this cross, probably taken from the draft,
but again without Sava’s personal signature. This is not to be confused with Sava’s
official signature at the end of the document, which was usually the work of a calligrapher-
scribe. The earliest exemplar might have represented one of three reciprocal
acts – a faithful copy with the value of the original that belonged to the Karyes cell;
the original with Sava’s signature would have been submitted to the Protaton, and
the third exemplar would have gone to the Monastery of St. Demetrios, the vendor
of the land plot. The versions in both languages reveal different chronological layers
associated with the creation of the original and the translation but also with the
scribing tradition. The paper proposes that the Greek text was the result of Sava’s
personal reworking of a previous agreement from the time of protos Theoktistos pertaining
to the adjoining area. This contract from 1215–1218/1219 was used for this
reason, but also because it dealt with a similar legal matter and not just because of
time constraints, which would have been another contributing factor. The illustrated
materials include a map of the new and old land plot and a reconstruction of the
Greek text’s genesis, showing the result of the expansion and reworking of the source
and misread places in the first exemplar as well as the second, which contains the
missed end of the first one. The Serbian Slavonic translation is assumed to have been
made after Sava’s death (1235), possibly after the first annual memorial ceremony
(1236). A linguistic analysis has shown that the surviving text includes at least two
more layers. One layer (the second overall) dates from the late 15th or early 16th century
and should probably be associated with the sigillia issued in December 1498,
when Patriarch Joachim, after the confirmation of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate
of Constantinople, reaffirmed the provisions of the alleged typikon of Patriarch
Antonios from 1394 to reinvigorate the economic and spiritual authority of the protos
on Mount Athos. This document defines the boundaries of the Protaton estates,
treating all cells and other monastic establishments in Karyes and its area as the Protaton’s
property, and the Karyes hermitage was recognized as a monastery in its own right with a representative in the Synod and contributions in kind. This leads us to
the conclusion that, on that occasion, between the end of 1498 and the beginning of
1499, a copy of the worn 13th-century document was made (an “copy in between”),
which, together with other documents, testified to the ownership of this establishment
in Karyes and its area. The last layer belongs to the period when the surviving
copy was made, spanning from the second half of the 16th to the first third of the 18th
century, but most likely from the early 17th century. The formal parchment copy was
written by a Russian or Serb familiar with Russian chancellery literacy, which would
explain the few Russian loanwords that Stojan Novaković noted a long time ago and
the Russian paleographic influence recognized by Vladimir Mošin. The same scribe
copied the Agreement on the Sale of St. Philip’s Meadow on a parchment with similar
linguistic characteristics at approximately the same time (AHS 110). The article
also offers a reconstruction of the genesis of the Serbian Slavonic text with different
chronological layers and, finally, a diagram of the relationship between the assumed
and surviving documents and their copies.",
publisher = "Београд : Византолошки институт",
journal = "Зборник радова Византолошког института",
title = "Савин уговор са светогорском управом о куповини земљишта за виноград (1228) : Настанак и судбина грчкога и српскога текста, THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN SAINT SAVA AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF MOUNT ATHOS ON THE LAND PURCHASE OF A VINEYARD (1228) : The Origin and Fate of the Greek and Serbian Texts",
pages = "455-520",
volume = "60",
number = "1",
doi = "10.2298/ZRVI2360455Z",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_16399"
}
