Устав за држање Псалтира и Хиландарски типик

Abstract

У 27. глави Хиландарског типика поменути су нарочити, „изабрани“ црковници чија је обавеза држање „ћелијског устава“. Лексичко-семантичка анализа показује да се ту, по свему судећи, ради о нарочитом скитском уставу Саве Српскога – Уставу за држање Псалтира. У том случају и „црковници“ који су задужени за овај устав требало би да представљају монахе који живе у складу с древном скитском праксом (друго име за „келиоте“). Лексема „црковник“ у Хиландарском типику, при том, може имати неколико значења.

The lexical semantic analysis, supported by external and internal analogies, shows that the phrase cell rule, mentioned in Chapter 27 of the Typikon of Hilandar, actually refers to the Rules for the Use of the Psalter drafted by St Sava of Serbia. The monks who were appointed by the hegumenos to perform the rites foreseen by the Rule were obviously hermits (anachorites), though the Slavic term cr’kov’nici (ecclesiastics) suggests another meaning (the skete service in individual monastic kellia is different from the service performed in a church, where the presence of priests is necessary; very often, the ecclesiastics/cr’kov’nici of Protaton were also priests). It is clear that the lexeme cr’kov’nik’ implies several possible meanings. While working on the Typikon of Hilandar, St Sava made comprehensive efforts to regulate the monastic life among Serbs at Mount Athos: along with coenobitic monks of the main monastery, he also drafted rules for both dependent and independent hermits (in Chapter 27, the Rules for the Use of the Psalter is mentioned, while Chapter 42 deals with the Typikon of Karyes).