Заменице шта и што у српском језику : на језичком материјалу из романа Дервиш и смрт Меше Селимовића

Abstract

У раду се на два начина, и на три нивоа, прати однос између форми шта и што у српском језику. (1) Систематизација могућих примена ових јединица у српском језику се спроводи на материјалу који аутор текста производи према своме изворном језичком осећању - први ниво. (2) На основу тих систематизованих примена изводе се закључци о категоријалним вредностима заменица шта и што. (3) Ти се увиди узимају као основа за систематизацију потврда ових заменица у језичком материјалу из романа „Дервиш и смрт" - што је истовремено и вид провере изведених закључака.

The paper analyses the relation between the forms $7o and $7a in Serbian. A systematisation of possible applications of these units in Serbian is carried out on the basis of the material that the author of the text furnishes according to her spontaneous sense as a native speaker. Based on those systematised applications, a conclusion is drawn on the subdivided categorial values of the sra and sro pronouns. (1) Sta is reserved for ‘non-human (animate or inanimate)’ m the objective sense (that which is the object in either the physical or metaphysical senses). Besides everything that is or can be taken as a separate physical object, there are also the objects of actions, thoughts, feelings, speech, etc. (2) Sto covers the sphere of the non-objective (or the sphere of 'non-being’, non-entity). Sto is directed at (a) what is not abstracted and not comprehended (a question form for reason, cause, purpose or similar), i.e. it is not mentally consolidated as something special and different from other 'things' and phenomena, or at (b) verbal units, that is, parts of the verbal expression (the so-called relative pronouns). This difference between the two categorial expressions can also be reflected in the fact that as a definite (specific) answer to the separated interrogative Sta? an element of the objective structure ovo | ono — to (this | that — it) can appear (the type Sta radis? — Ovo; What are you doing? — This), whereas in the answer to the interrogative Sto? such an element (or a corresponding lexical word) cannot appear. The other section of the paper brings an analysis of the examples of the use of these pronouns in the novel Death and the Dervish by the Serbian author Me§a Selimovic. The conclusion 1s that the analysed text demonstrates the application of the $74 and sro pronouns as two different words, with a clearly differentiated categoria] values and grammatical functions, and that it must be a common feature of the Serbian language.