Između stvarnog i zamišljenog: infektivna oboljenja u kinematografiji na primeru filma Variola Vera

Abstract

Narativi o epidemijama infektivnih oboljenja, kako imaginarnih tako i onih koja su poznata ljudskim društvima postaju sve češća tema popularne kulture, a posebno filmske industrije. Kao jedna od stalno prisutnih pretnji tokom istorije čovečanstva, infektivna oboljenja su odigrala značajnu ulogu u oblikovanju i promeni društvenih zajednica i kao takva ostavila dubok kulturološki trag na društvene grupe i njihove savremene mitove. Variola, odnosno velike boginje ubrajaju se među najinfektivnija oboljenja sa kojima se čovečanstvo susrelo tokom svoje istorije, a bolest se javljala i na domaćim prostorima tokom različitih istorijskih perioda. Rad se bavi analizom načina na koje filmska industrija koncipira epidemije infektivnih oboljenja, prvenstveno na primeru filma Variola Vera smeštenog u jugoslovenski kulturni i društveni kontekst, kao i odnosima dramskog i stvarnog u reprezentaciji ove bolesti i njenih društvenih aspekata.

The ideas about the epidemics of infectious diseases, both imagined and those that are known to human societies, are becoming more frequent topic of popular culture, that is the film industry. As one of the ever-present threats during the development of civilization through history, infectious diseases have played a significant role in shaping and changing social communities and, as such, have left a deep historical and cultural trace on social groups and their contemporary mythologies. Variola, that is smallpox, is among the most infectious diseases that human society has encountered in history, and the disease was also present on the territory of the former Yugoslavia during different historical periods. The paper deals with the Variola Vera film analysis, that is with the film ideas of the latest epidemic of the variola that occurred in the former Yugoslavia in 1972, in order to point out the ways in which the infectious diseases are presented on film, as well as the relation between historical data and film adaptation in the case of variola.