Novi glagoli sa prefiksom iz- u savremenom srpskom jeziku i teorija glagolske prefiksacije

Abstract

U radu se najpre identifikuju dve metode za prepoznavanje prefiksnih značenja koje su najčešće implicitno prisut-ne u teorijskim pristupima gl. prefiksaciji (semantička diferencijacija i hipersemantička ekstrakcija), a čija se do-minantna upotreba vezuje za tzv. tvrdi, odnosno meki osnovocentrizam. Ukazujući na neke nedostatke tih metoda, autor predlaže alternativni – prefiksocentrični model, u kome se značenje gl. prefiksa određuje kao apstraktna ka-uzalno-iskustvena struktura (protodogađaj), koja se prefiksacijom konkretizuje dajući leksikalizovanu događajnu shemu, odnosno leksički koncept. U takvom se modelu potom analiziraju novi glagoli sa prefiksom iz- i pokazuje se da se tri protodogađaja, koja autor prepoznaje kod leksikografski potvrđenih iz-prefiksala (ekslokativnost, eks-traktivnost i ekskumulativnost), mogu uočiti i u novoj leksici.

Verbs with the prefix iz- form the biggest group of prefixed verbs in the contemporary Serbian language. Among new verbs that underwent the process of prefixation, prefix iz- is certainly the most productive one. In Serbian and Croatian word formation literature the prefix iz - is considered to be the prefix that has reached the level of pure grammatical perfectivization. In the first part of this paper we analyze the hypothesis of pure grammatical pre-fixes and two implicit methods for revealing the prefixal meanings (semantic differentiation and hyper-semantic extraction) as aspects of the theoretical context that could be named as the base oriented approach (an approach in which the prefix is seen as a modifier of the base). The analysis of new verbs with the prefix iz- points clearly to some theoretical problems that the base oriented approach is confronted with. In contrast to this we suggest the prefix oriented theoretical model according to which prefixes have the stable meanings on the higher levels of categorization as so called protoevents. We define protoevents as highly abstract causal schemas that are extracted from the basic spatial experience and used in other types of experience as well. In the second part of the paper we analyze new verbs with the prefix iz- in the light of the prefix oriented approach and we find that all of them can be seen as instances of one of the three protoevents that are linked to this prefix: 1) the exlocative protoevent (an initiator causes a trajector to get out of a landmark); 2) the extractive protoevent (an initiator causes a landmark to extract a trajector); 3) the excumulative protoevent (an initiator sends a trajector from his manipulative domain to the domain of a landmark).