Verski transfer Evropa-Srbija u XIX veku: nazareni, baptisti, metodisti i uloga Britanskog biblijskog društva

Abstract

The theory of cultural transfer usually includes the field of intellectual history, literature, material culture, art, and science, but it can very well be applied to the religious sphere to examine the exchange and influence of religious ideas or religious practices. Religious transfers and the mobility of religious practices have been the subject of research in individual studies, although religious transfer is most often seen as a part of cultural transfer in the broadest sense of the word. This paper focuses on the emergence of Evangelical or neo-Protestant communities in the 19th century that developed in different parts of Central Europe. Due to their missionary efforts and the mobility of religious ideas, Nazarenes, Baptists and Methodists were the first neo-Protestant communities in South Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbia. They found new followers among different ethnic groups: Hungarians, Slovaks, Germans, Serbs, and Romanians, who had very diverse religious backgrounds: Roman Catholic, Christian Orthodox, Lutheran, and Reformed. The most significant form of religious transfer in the 19th century was the appearance of the first translation of the Bible into the Serbian language. The paper underlines the important role of the British Bible Society in distributing and printing the Bible, making it available especially among neo-Protestant believers.

Teorija kulturnog transfera najčešće obuhvata oblast intelektualne istorije, književnosti, materijalne kulture, umetnosti, nauke, ali vrlo dobro može da se primeni i na versku sferu, bilo da je reč o razmeni i uticaju religijskih ideja ili verske prakse. Religijski transferi i mobilnost verskih praksi bili su predmet istraživanja u pojedinačnim studijama, iako se verski transfer najčešće posmatra kao deo kulturnog transfera u najširem smislu te reči. Ovaj rad je usredsređen na pojavu evanđeoskih ili neoprotestantskih zajednica tokom 19. veka koje su se razvijale u različitim delovima Centralne Evrope. Misionarskim zalaganjem i pokretljivošću verskih ideja, nazareni, baptisti i metodisti bili su prve neoprotestantske zajednice na prostoru Južne Ugarske i Kraljevine Srbije. Oni su dobijali nove sledbenike među različitim etničkim grupama: Mađarima, Slovacima, Nemcima, Srbima i Rumunima, koji su imali veoma različito versko poreklo: rimokatolici, pravoslavci, luterani i kalvinisti. Najznačajniji oblik verskog transfera u 19. veku bila je pojava prvog prevoda Biblije na srpski jezik. U radu se ističe značajna uloga Britanskog biblijskog društva u distribuciji i štampanju Biblije što je učinilo dostupnom, posebno među neoprotestanskim vernicima