TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović, Dejan B.
AU  - Bajd, Tadej
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/3745
AB  - The development of a comprehensive computational model of the pendulum test which is appropriate for the analysis of the pathologic behavior of the leg in humans with the central nervous system (CNS) lesion is presented in this review. The model relates to the pendulum movement of the lower leg (shank and the foot) in the lateral plane due to the gravity and involuntary contractions of the muscles. The viscous damping and elastic stiffness reflect the soft tissues and friction in the knee joint. To quantify the pathologic activity of paralyzed muscles a reflex torque was added to the gravity generated knee joint torque. The knee joint encoder, accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned along the shank and thigh, and EMG amplifiers were used to acquire data for the illustration of the validity of the model. We show that the linear model of the movement of the lower leg is not a good representation of the motor impairment. We show that the model expanded with the reflex torque affecting the movement is well suited for the pendulum analysis. The timing of the reflex torques can be determined from the EMG recordings. © Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018.
PB  - Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science
T2  - Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering
T1  - Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.2298/SJEE171204006P
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popović, Dejan B. and Bajd, Tadej",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The development of a comprehensive computational model of the pendulum test which is appropriate for the analysis of the pathologic behavior of the leg in humans with the central nervous system (CNS) lesion is presented in this review. The model relates to the pendulum movement of the lower leg (shank and the foot) in the lateral plane due to the gravity and involuntary contractions of the muscles. The viscous damping and elastic stiffness reflect the soft tissues and friction in the knee joint. To quantify the pathologic activity of paralyzed muscles a reflex torque was added to the gravity generated knee joint torque. The knee joint encoder, accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned along the shank and thigh, and EMG amplifiers were used to acquire data for the illustration of the validity of the model. We show that the linear model of the movement of the lower leg is not a good representation of the motor impairment. We show that the model expanded with the reflex torque affecting the movement is well suited for the pendulum analysis. The timing of the reflex torques can be determined from the EMG recordings. © Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018.",
publisher = "Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science",
journal = "Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering",
title = "Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions",
pages = "1-12",
volume = "15",
number = "1",
doi = "10.2298/SJEE171204006P",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745"
}

Popović, D. B.,& Bajd, T.. (2018). Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions. in Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering
Kragujevac : University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science., 15(1), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SJEE171204006P
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745

Popović DB, Bajd T. Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions. in Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2018;15(1):1-12.
doi:10.2298/SJEE171204006P
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745 .

Popović, Dejan B., Bajd, Tadej, "Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions" in Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 15, no. 1 (2018):1-12,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SJEE171204006P .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_3745 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović Maneski, Lana
AU  - Aleksić, Antonina
AU  - Čobeljić, Radoje
AU  - Bajd, Tadej
AU  - Popović, Dejan B.
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/2360
UR  - http://ieti.net/TES/2017V1I103.html
AB  - The assessment of spasticity is an important indicator of the course of the recovery in humans with central nervous system lesion. This recovery may be augmented by optimal ergonomic design of wheelchairs, beds, transferring devices and other devices used in activities of daily life. To quantify the influence of different aids and methods in reduction or increase of spasticity, an objective measure is required. The pendulum test was introduced to induce the stretch of the muscle, thereby, trigger spastic response, and the amplitudes of first sinusoidal movements are used as the measure of spasticity. We present a new model of the lower leg during the pendulum test which includes the nonlinear characteristics of the muscles, and a model of the shank and foot that are customized to the patient. The spastic torque component is calculated based on acquired values of angular acceleration, angular velocity, and angle. We developed a new analysis methodology and tool to describe the level and course of reflexive behavior. We describe the instrumentation for data acquisition. The kinematics is captured by two accelerometers, one gyroscope, and a Hall-effect joint angle encoder. Muscle activities of prime knee flexors and extensors are synchronously recorded. The simulation uses user's particular inertial parameters and data from repeated pendulum movements of the lower leg and outputs the reflexive torque. We developed the user-friendly software in MatLab for the analysis of data recorded with the new instrument. We present the application of the method in representative healthy subject and two spastic SCI patients. The main finding is that this method allows distinction between the flexion and extensions types of spasticity and the level of reflexive behavior.
PB  - Hong Kong : IETI
T2  - IETI Transactions on Ergonomics and Safety
T1  - A new method and instrumentation for analyzing spasticity
SP  - 12
EP  - 27
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_2360
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popović Maneski, Lana and Aleksić, Antonina and Čobeljić, Radoje and Bajd, Tadej and Popović, Dejan B.",
year = "2017",
abstract = "The assessment of spasticity is an important indicator of the course of the recovery in humans with central nervous system lesion. This recovery may be augmented by optimal ergonomic design of wheelchairs, beds, transferring devices and other devices used in activities of daily life. To quantify the influence of different aids and methods in reduction or increase of spasticity, an objective measure is required. The pendulum test was introduced to induce the stretch of the muscle, thereby, trigger spastic response, and the amplitudes of first sinusoidal movements are used as the measure of spasticity. We present a new model of the lower leg during the pendulum test which includes the nonlinear characteristics of the muscles, and a model of the shank and foot that are customized to the patient. The spastic torque component is calculated based on acquired values of angular acceleration, angular velocity, and angle. We developed a new analysis methodology and tool to describe the level and course of reflexive behavior. We describe the instrumentation for data acquisition. The kinematics is captured by two accelerometers, one gyroscope, and a Hall-effect joint angle encoder. Muscle activities of prime knee flexors and extensors are synchronously recorded. The simulation uses user's particular inertial parameters and data from repeated pendulum movements of the lower leg and outputs the reflexive torque. We developed the user-friendly software in MatLab for the analysis of data recorded with the new instrument. We present the application of the method in representative healthy subject and two spastic SCI patients. The main finding is that this method allows distinction between the flexion and extensions types of spasticity and the level of reflexive behavior.",
publisher = "Hong Kong : IETI",
journal = "IETI Transactions on Ergonomics and Safety",
title = "A new method and instrumentation for analyzing spasticity",
pages = "12-27",
volume = "1",
number = "1",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_2360"
}

Popović Maneski, L., Aleksić, A., Čobeljić, R., Bajd, T.,& Popović, D. B.. (2017). A new method and instrumentation for analyzing spasticity. in IETI Transactions on Ergonomics and Safety
Hong Kong : IETI., 1(1), 12-27.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_2360

Popović Maneski L, Aleksić A, Čobeljić R, Bajd T, Popović DB. A new method and instrumentation for analyzing spasticity. in IETI Transactions on Ergonomics and Safety. 2017;1(1):12-27.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_2360 .

Popović Maneski, Lana, Aleksić, Antonina, Čobeljić, Radoje, Bajd, Tadej, Popović, Dejan B., "A new method and instrumentation for analyzing spasticity" in IETI Transactions on Ergonomics and Safety, 1, no. 1 (2017):12-27,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_2360 .