TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/771
AB  - Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are an ideal solution leading to clean energy by directly converting the fuel’s chemical energy to electricity in order to achieve high degree of efficiency. One of the main components of PEFCs is the proton exchange membrane which should conduct protons but no electrons and should also separate the electrodes and limit fuel crossover. In addition to Nafion®, polymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) have been used as a proton-conducting ionomer since sulfonic groups are known for their good proton conductivity. Since poly-AMPS excessively swells or even dissolve in water, we investigated several commercial cross-linkers and new multifunctional monomers to decrease swelling by cross-linking. Formulations with different concentrations of these cross-linkers have been tested constrained in porous polypropylene membranes. Although formulations with commercial cross-linkers (polyethylene glycol diacrylates) already exceeded the conductivity of Nafion®, with some of the synthesized cross-linkers we achieved more than 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion®. Moreover, the novel amide-based cross-linkers show good hydrolytical stability in contrast to the commercial ones. Finally, we used one of the new cross-linkers to prepare asymmetric membranes and could achieve about 8 times the conductivity of Nafion.
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
T2  - Designed Monomers and Polymers
T1  - Novel cross-linkers for asymmetric poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
SP  - 372
EP  - 379
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
DO  - 10.1080/15685551.2013.840513
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_771
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are an ideal solution leading to clean energy by directly converting the fuel’s chemical energy to electricity in order to achieve high degree of efficiency. One of the main components of PEFCs is the proton exchange membrane which should conduct protons but no electrons and should also separate the electrodes and limit fuel crossover. In addition to Nafion®, polymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) have been used as a proton-conducting ionomer since sulfonic groups are known for their good proton conductivity. Since poly-AMPS excessively swells or even dissolve in water, we investigated several commercial cross-linkers and new multifunctional monomers to decrease swelling by cross-linking. Formulations with different concentrations of these cross-linkers have been tested constrained in porous polypropylene membranes. Although formulations with commercial cross-linkers (polyethylene glycol diacrylates) already exceeded the conductivity of Nafion®, with some of the synthesized cross-linkers we achieved more than 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion®. Moreover, the novel amide-based cross-linkers show good hydrolytical stability in contrast to the commercial ones. Finally, we used one of the new cross-linkers to prepare asymmetric membranes and could achieve about 8 times the conductivity of Nafion.",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis Group",
journal = "Designed Monomers and Polymers",
title = "Novel cross-linkers for asymmetric poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells",
pages = "372-379",
volume = "17",
number = "4",
doi = "10.1080/15685551.2013.840513",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_771"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2013). Novel cross-linkers for asymmetric poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. in Designed Monomers and Polymers
Taylor & Francis Group., 17(4), 372-379.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2013.840513
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_771

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Novel cross-linkers for asymmetric poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. in Designed Monomers and Polymers. 2013;17(4):372-379.
doi:10.1080/15685551.2013.840513
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_771 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Novel cross-linkers for asymmetric poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells" in Designed Monomers and Polymers, 17, no. 4 (2013):372-379,
https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2013.840513 .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_771 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ligon, Samuel
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/801
AB  - Over the last 30 years, a variety of polymers have been developed and investigated as potential replacements for Nafion®. As with Nafion®, the majority of investigated polymers are poly sulfonic acids though alternate ionomers based on phosphonic acid6, and benzimidazole8 are also considered. As a class, sulfonated aromatic polymers tend to be easier to synthesize and thus less expensive than Nafion®. Polymers synthesized from less expensive strong acid vinyl monomers such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are also considered and indeed this monomer is utilized within this paper. An additional benefit of this monomer is that it is amenable to photo induced polymerization which we herein present as a relatively uncomplicated method for preparing PEMs with nevertheless quite high proton conductivity. Further tests are planned to determine the real applicability of such polymers for use in PEMFCs.
PB  - Basel : RadTech Europe
C3  - RadTech Europe 2013, Basel; 15.10.2013 - 17.10.2013 : Proceedings
T1  - Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells
SP  - 88
EP  - 88
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_801
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ligon, Samuel and Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Over the last 30 years, a variety of polymers have been developed and investigated as potential replacements for Nafion®. As with Nafion®, the majority of investigated polymers are poly sulfonic acids though alternate ionomers based on phosphonic acid6, and benzimidazole8 are also considered. As a class, sulfonated aromatic polymers tend to be easier to synthesize and thus less expensive than Nafion®. Polymers synthesized from less expensive strong acid vinyl monomers such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are also considered and indeed this monomer is utilized within this paper. An additional benefit of this monomer is that it is amenable to photo induced polymerization which we herein present as a relatively uncomplicated method for preparing PEMs with nevertheless quite high proton conductivity. Further tests are planned to determine the real applicability of such polymers for use in PEMFCs.",
publisher = "Basel : RadTech Europe",
journal = "RadTech Europe 2013, Basel; 15.10.2013 - 17.10.2013 : Proceedings",
title = "Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells",
pages = "88-88",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_801"
}

Ligon, S., Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2013). Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells. in RadTech Europe 2013, Basel; 15.10.2013 - 17.10.2013 : Proceedings
Basel : RadTech Europe., 88-88.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_801

Ligon S, Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells. in RadTech Europe 2013, Basel; 15.10.2013 - 17.10.2013 : Proceedings. 2013;:88-88.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_801 .

Ligon, Samuel, Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells" in RadTech Europe 2013, Basel; 15.10.2013 - 17.10.2013 : Proceedings (2013):88-88,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_801 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ligon, Samuel
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/813
AB  - Proton exchange membranes (PEM) for low temperature fuel cells must ensure high proton conductivity and effective separation of anode and cathode under operating conditions. DuPont’s sulfonic acid fluoropolymer Nafion has seen commercial success, though high cost limits wider acceptance. As lower cost options, polymers based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are also investigated. Swelling of polyAMPS (PAMPS) is however a shortcoming, although this may be reduced by improved crosslinking. Both commercial and novel crosslinkers were tested with AMPS by dissolving with photoinitiator in water and photo-curing. To facilitate conductivity measurements, polymers were constrained within a porous membrane. In contrast to commercial crosslinkers, where high percentages are required to improve conductivity, our new acrylamide based crosslinkers showed excellent results at lower concentrations. Thus 5 wt% crosslinker provided membranes with 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion. The novel polymers were then coated onto asymmetric membranes increasing proton-conductivity and reducing methanol crossover.
PB  - Basel : RadTech Europe
C3  - RadTech Europe 13: UV/EB – Growing through Innovation, October 15-17, 2013 in Basel, Switzerland: abstract book
T1  - Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells
SP  - 88
EP  - 88
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_813
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ligon, Samuel and Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Proton exchange membranes (PEM) for low temperature fuel cells must ensure high proton conductivity and effective separation of anode and cathode under operating conditions. DuPont’s sulfonic acid fluoropolymer Nafion has seen commercial success, though high cost limits wider acceptance. As lower cost options, polymers based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are also investigated. Swelling of polyAMPS (PAMPS) is however a shortcoming, although this may be reduced by improved crosslinking. Both commercial and novel crosslinkers were tested with AMPS by dissolving with photoinitiator in water and photo-curing. To facilitate conductivity measurements, polymers were constrained within a porous membrane. In contrast to commercial crosslinkers, where high percentages are required to improve conductivity, our new acrylamide based crosslinkers showed excellent results at lower concentrations. Thus 5 wt% crosslinker provided membranes with 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion. The novel polymers were then coated onto asymmetric membranes increasing proton-conductivity and reducing methanol crossover.",
publisher = "Basel : RadTech Europe",
journal = "RadTech Europe 13: UV/EB – Growing through Innovation, October 15-17, 2013 in Basel, Switzerland: abstract book",
title = "Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells",
pages = "88-88",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_813"
}

Ligon, S., Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2013). Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells. in RadTech Europe 13: UV/EB – Growing through Innovation, October 15-17, 2013 in Basel, Switzerland: abstract book
Basel : RadTech Europe., 88-88.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_813

Ligon S, Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells. in RadTech Europe 13: UV/EB – Growing through Innovation, October 15-17, 2013 in Basel, Switzerland: abstract book. 2013;:88-88.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_813 .

Ligon, Samuel, Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Photocurable Poly-AMPS-Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cells" in RadTech Europe 13: UV/EB – Growing through Innovation, October 15-17, 2013 in Basel, Switzerland: abstract book (2013):88-88,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_813 .

TY  - PAT
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
AU  - Kellner, Michael
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/806
AB  - Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer asymmetrischen Membran aus einem interpenetrierenden Polymernetzwerk, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst: Vorlegen einer homogenen polymerisierbaren Lösung, umfassend zumindest ein mittels Strahlung polymerisierbares Monomer und/oder Oligomer, zumindest ein gegenüber Strahlung nicht reaktives Polymer und ein gemeinsames Lösungsmittel dafür; Formen der Lösung zu einem Formkörper; In-Kontakt-Bringen einer Seite des Formkörpers mit einem flüssigen Medium, das ein geringeres Lösungsvermögen für manche oder alle Komponenten der Lösung aufweist als das Lösungsmittel, so dass im Bereich der Kontaktfläche zwischen Formkörper und flüssigem Medium durch Vermischung derselben eine Mischschicht ausgebildet wird, wobei in der Mischschicht manche oder alle Komponenten der Lösung in niedrigerer Konzentration vorliegen als im Rest des Formkörpers, wodurch ein asymmetrischer Formkörper gebildet wird; Bestrahlen des asymmetrischen Formkörpers, um das Mono- und/oder Oligomer zu einem Polymerisationsprodukt polymerisieren, das mit dem Polymer ein interpenetrierendes Polymernetzwerk bildet; und Reinigen des so erzeugten Polymernetzwerks.
T1  - Herstellung Asymmetrischer Membranen
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_806
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert and Kellner, Michael",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer asymmetrischen Membran aus einem interpenetrierenden Polymernetzwerk, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst: Vorlegen einer homogenen polymerisierbaren Lösung, umfassend zumindest ein mittels Strahlung polymerisierbares Monomer und/oder Oligomer, zumindest ein gegenüber Strahlung nicht reaktives Polymer und ein gemeinsames Lösungsmittel dafür; Formen der Lösung zu einem Formkörper; In-Kontakt-Bringen einer Seite des Formkörpers mit einem flüssigen Medium, das ein geringeres Lösungsvermögen für manche oder alle Komponenten der Lösung aufweist als das Lösungsmittel, so dass im Bereich der Kontaktfläche zwischen Formkörper und flüssigem Medium durch Vermischung derselben eine Mischschicht ausgebildet wird, wobei in der Mischschicht manche oder alle Komponenten der Lösung in niedrigerer Konzentration vorliegen als im Rest des Formkörpers, wodurch ein asymmetrischer Formkörper gebildet wird; Bestrahlen des asymmetrischen Formkörpers, um das Mono- und/oder Oligomer zu einem Polymerisationsprodukt polymerisieren, das mit dem Polymer ein interpenetrierendes Polymernetzwerk bildet; und Reinigen des so erzeugten Polymernetzwerks.",
title = "Herstellung Asymmetrischer Membranen",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_806"
}

Radovanović, F., Matović, J., Liska, R.,& Kellner, M.. (2012). Herstellung Asymmetrischer Membranen. .
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_806

Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R, Kellner M. Herstellung Asymmetrischer Membranen. 2012;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_806 .

Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, Kellner, Michael, "Herstellung Asymmetrischer Membranen" (2012),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_806 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/792
AB  - Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) gained a lot of interest in recent years as a potential solution for an eco-friendly energy. Proton exchange membranes (PEM) are one of the main components of PEFCs and require mechanical and chemical stability to ensure high proton conductivity and effective separation of anode and cathode under challenging conditions. Best commercial membranes made from sulfonated fluoropolymers, such as Nafion®, are rather expensive. To improve fuel cell performance at a lower cost, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was investigated recently.
1 Since polyAMPS (PAMPS) excessively swells or even dissolves in water, we investigated several commercial crosslinkers and new multifunctional monomers (Fig. 1) to decrease swelling by crosslinking.
AMPS, crosslinker and photoinitiator were dissolved in water and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), respectively. To facilitate conductivity measurements and handling of crosslinked PAMPS formulations after UVinitiated radical polymerization, they were constrained within a porous membrane using a procedure described by Zhou et al.
2 We tested several commercial crosslinkers and according to these results we developed new crosslinkers with enhanced hydrolytical stability and conductivity. In contrast to the commercial crosslinkers, where conductivity increased with increasing amount of crosslinker, our new acrylamide based crosslinkers needed only very low concentrations. They could achieve more than 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion with only 5 wt% crosslinker. We used this novel crosslinkers to integrate them into asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology for enhanced methanol barrier properties.
3 First results of their performance compared to Nafion will be presented.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's FP7- NMP Programme, under the Project Acronym MultiPlat with Grant Agreement: N 228943 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. The authors would like to thank 3M for PP membrane samples and Ciba SC, Huntsman, Ivoclar Vivadent and Sartomer for samples of photoinitiator and crosslinker.

1 a) Qiao, J., et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry 2005, 15 (41), 4414-4423. b)Diao, H., et al., Macromolecules 43 (15), 6398-6405.
3 Zhou, J., et al., Journal of Membrane Science 2005, 254 (1-2), 89-99.
4 Radovanovic, P., et al., Journal of Membrane Science 2012, 401-402, 254-261.
C3  - European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts
T1  - Novel crosslinkers for high performance poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_792
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) gained a lot of interest in recent years as a potential solution for an eco-friendly energy. Proton exchange membranes (PEM) are one of the main components of PEFCs and require mechanical and chemical stability to ensure high proton conductivity and effective separation of anode and cathode under challenging conditions. Best commercial membranes made from sulfonated fluoropolymers, such as Nafion®, are rather expensive. To improve fuel cell performance at a lower cost, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was investigated recently.
1 Since polyAMPS (PAMPS) excessively swells or even dissolves in water, we investigated several commercial crosslinkers and new multifunctional monomers (Fig. 1) to decrease swelling by crosslinking.
AMPS, crosslinker and photoinitiator were dissolved in water and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), respectively. To facilitate conductivity measurements and handling of crosslinked PAMPS formulations after UVinitiated radical polymerization, they were constrained within a porous membrane using a procedure described by Zhou et al.
2 We tested several commercial crosslinkers and according to these results we developed new crosslinkers with enhanced hydrolytical stability and conductivity. In contrast to the commercial crosslinkers, where conductivity increased with increasing amount of crosslinker, our new acrylamide based crosslinkers needed only very low concentrations. They could achieve more than 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion with only 5 wt% crosslinker. We used this novel crosslinkers to integrate them into asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology for enhanced methanol barrier properties.
3 First results of their performance compared to Nafion will be presented.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's FP7- NMP Programme, under the Project Acronym MultiPlat with Grant Agreement: N 228943 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. The authors would like to thank 3M for PP membrane samples and Ciba SC, Huntsman, Ivoclar Vivadent and Sartomer for samples of photoinitiator and crosslinker.

1 a) Qiao, J., et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry 2005, 15 (41), 4414-4423. b)Diao, H., et al., Macromolecules 43 (15), 6398-6405.
3 Zhou, J., et al., Journal of Membrane Science 2005, 254 (1-2), 89-99.
4 Radovanovic, P., et al., Journal of Membrane Science 2012, 401-402, 254-261.",
journal = "European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts",
title = "Novel crosslinkers for high performance poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_792"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2012). Novel crosslinkers for high performance poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. in European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_792

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Novel crosslinkers for high performance poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. in European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts. 2012;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_792 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Novel crosslinkers for high performance poly-AMPS-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cells" in European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts (2012),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_792 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/793
AB  - Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) gained a lot of interest in recent years as a potential solution for an eco-friendly energy. Proton exchage membranes (PEM) are one of the main components of PEFC and require mechanical and chemical stability to ensure high proton conductivity and effective separation of anode and cathode under challenging conditions. Best commercial membranes made from sulfonated fluoropolymers, such as Nafion, are rather expensive. To improve fuel cell performance at a lower cost, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was investigated recently. We investigated crosslinkable polymers consisting of AMPS for proton conductivity, a perfluorinated acrylate to mimic Nafion and glycidyl methacrylate for crosslinking. Since we combine very polar and very apolar monomers in the polymer chain we investigated phase separation and orientation of proton conducting channels in the electric field. First results of conductivity measurements and orientation will be presented.
PB  - Torino
C3  - European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts
T1  - Proton conducting fluorinated polymer nanomembrane for fuel cell applications
SP  - 21
EP  - 21
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_793
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) gained a lot of interest in recent years as a potential solution for an eco-friendly energy. Proton exchage membranes (PEM) are one of the main components of PEFC and require mechanical and chemical stability to ensure high proton conductivity and effective separation of anode and cathode under challenging conditions. Best commercial membranes made from sulfonated fluoropolymers, such as Nafion, are rather expensive. To improve fuel cell performance at a lower cost, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was investigated recently. We investigated crosslinkable polymers consisting of AMPS for proton conductivity, a perfluorinated acrylate to mimic Nafion and glycidyl methacrylate for crosslinking. Since we combine very polar and very apolar monomers in the polymer chain we investigated phase separation and orientation of proton conducting channels in the electric field. First results of conductivity measurements and orientation will be presented.",
publisher = "Torino",
journal = "European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts",
title = "Proton conducting fluorinated polymer nanomembrane for fuel cell applications",
pages = "21-21",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_793"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2012). Proton conducting fluorinated polymer nanomembrane for fuel cell applications. in European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts
Torino., 21-21.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_793

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Proton conducting fluorinated polymer nanomembrane for fuel cell applications. in European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts. 2012;:21-21.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_793 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Proton conducting fluorinated polymer nanomembrane for fuel cell applications" in European Symposium of Photopolymer Science - ESPS 2012, Torino, September 4th-7th 2012: Book of Abstracts (2012):21-21,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_793 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
AU  - Koch, T.
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/770
AB  - A new method for the preparation of asymmetric membranes with an interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology, which consists of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of a thermally-resistant, glassy polymer is presented. This method combines a traditional immersion precipitation process for making membranes with photopolymerization and crosslinking of functional monomers included in the casting solution. The resulting membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine proton-conducting channels on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. In-plane conductivities of some of these membranes measured at ambient temperature were significantly higher than the conductivity of Nafion membranes, while having improved methanol barrier properties. An increase in functionality and molecular weight of crosslinking agents, as well as a selection of materials to promote delayed, rather than instantaneous liquid–liquid demixing were associated with significant improvements in membrane conductivity. Based on the results, a potential use of such membranes in direct methanol fuel cells looks promising.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Membrane Science
T1  - Asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology made by a combination of immersion precipitation and photopolymerization
SP  - 254
EP  - 261
DO  - 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.012
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_770
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Radovanović, Filip and Kellner, Michael and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert and Koch, T.",
year = "2012",
abstract = "A new method for the preparation of asymmetric membranes with an interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology, which consists of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of a thermally-resistant, glassy polymer is presented. This method combines a traditional immersion precipitation process for making membranes with photopolymerization and crosslinking of functional monomers included in the casting solution. The resulting membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine proton-conducting channels on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. In-plane conductivities of some of these membranes measured at ambient temperature were significantly higher than the conductivity of Nafion membranes, while having improved methanol barrier properties. An increase in functionality and molecular weight of crosslinking agents, as well as a selection of materials to promote delayed, rather than instantaneous liquid–liquid demixing were associated with significant improvements in membrane conductivity. Based on the results, a potential use of such membranes in direct methanol fuel cells looks promising.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Membrane Science",
title = "Asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology made by a combination of immersion precipitation and photopolymerization",
pages = "254-261",
doi = "10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.012",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_770"
}

Radovanović, F., Kellner, M., Matović, J., Liska, R.,& Koch, T.. (2012). Asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology made by a combination of immersion precipitation and photopolymerization. in Journal of Membrane Science
Elsevier., 254-261.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.012
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_770

Radovanović F, Kellner M, Matović J, Liska R, Koch T. Asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology made by a combination of immersion precipitation and photopolymerization. in Journal of Membrane Science. 2012;:254-261.
doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.012
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_770 .

Radovanović, Filip, Kellner, Michael, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, Koch, T., "Asymmetric membranes with interpenetrating proton-conducting morphology made by a combination of immersion precipitation and photopolymerization" in Journal of Membrane Science (2012):254-261,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.012 .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_770 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Liska, Robert
AU  - Matović, Jovan
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/782
AB  - Direct methanol fuel cells with polymer electrolyte membranes are of great interest in recent research. Several monomers and crosslinkers in a broad range of concentrations in water and NMP respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity by photopolymerization with a polar photo initiator in porous membranes made of polypropylene and polyethersulfone, respectively. As conductive ionomer, primarily AMPS, an acrylamide with a sulfonic end group, was used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers based on (meth-) acrylates. Furthermore several new multifunctional crosslinkers based on acrylamides with enhanced thermal and ageing stability have been synthesized and tested.

The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures, whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures. By choosing the right building blocks we were able to achieve better proton conductivity than Nafion.
PB  - Singapore : Research Publishing
C3  - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture
T1  - Novel Crosslinker for Photopolymerization of Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Membranes
DO  - 10.3850/978-981-07-3353-7_303
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_782
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Liska, Robert and Matović, Jovan",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Direct methanol fuel cells with polymer electrolyte membranes are of great interest in recent research. Several monomers and crosslinkers in a broad range of concentrations in water and NMP respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity by photopolymerization with a polar photo initiator in porous membranes made of polypropylene and polyethersulfone, respectively. As conductive ionomer, primarily AMPS, an acrylamide with a sulfonic end group, was used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers based on (meth-) acrylates. Furthermore several new multifunctional crosslinkers based on acrylamides with enhanced thermal and ageing stability have been synthesized and tested.

The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures, whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures. By choosing the right building blocks we were able to achieve better proton conductivity than Nafion.",
publisher = "Singapore : Research Publishing",
journal = "Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture",
title = "Novel Crosslinker for Photopolymerization of Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Membranes",
doi = "10.3850/978-981-07-3353-7_303",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_782"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Liska, R.,& Matović, J.. (2012). Novel Crosslinker for Photopolymerization of Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Membranes. in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture
Singapore : Research Publishing..
https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3353-7_303
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_782

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Liska R, Matović J. Novel Crosslinker for Photopolymerization of Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Membranes. in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture. 2012;.
doi:10.3850/978-981-07-3353-7_303
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_782 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Liska, Robert, Matović, Jovan, "Novel Crosslinker for Photopolymerization of Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Membranes" in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture (2012),
https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3353-7_303 .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_782 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/778
AB  - Proton conducting membranes were prepared by photopolymerization of 2-
acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid solutions within the pores of polypropylene
membranes. Several commercial and novel multifunctional monomers synthesized in
IAS lab were investigated as suitable crosslinking agents for this application. Some
membranes made with synthesized crosslinkers at low crosslinker concentrations
exceeded 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion® 115 membrane, while exhibiting a
good hydrolytical stability, in contrast to the commercial crosslinkers based on
multifunctional (meth)acrylates.
PB  - Belgrade, Serbia : Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia
C3  - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry
T1  - High performance proton conducting membranes for fuel cells made by photopolymerization of hydrolytically stable monomers
SP  - 492
EP  - 494
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_778
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Proton conducting membranes were prepared by photopolymerization of 2-
acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid solutions within the pores of polypropylene
membranes. Several commercial and novel multifunctional monomers synthesized in
IAS lab were investigated as suitable crosslinking agents for this application. Some
membranes made with synthesized crosslinkers at low crosslinker concentrations
exceeded 2.5 times the conductivity of Nafion® 115 membrane, while exhibiting a
good hydrolytical stability, in contrast to the commercial crosslinkers based on
multifunctional (meth)acrylates.",
publisher = "Belgrade, Serbia : Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia",
journal = "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry",
title = "High performance proton conducting membranes for fuel cells made by photopolymerization of hydrolytically stable monomers",
pages = "492-494",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_778"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2012). High performance proton conducting membranes for fuel cells made by photopolymerization of hydrolytically stable monomers. in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry
Belgrade, Serbia : Society of Physical Chemists of Serbia., 492-494.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_778

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. High performance proton conducting membranes for fuel cells made by photopolymerization of hydrolytically stable monomers. in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry. 2012;:492-494.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_778 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "High performance proton conducting membranes for fuel cells made by photopolymerization of hydrolytically stable monomers" in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry (2012):492-494,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_778 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/791
AB  - Several monomers and crosslinker in a broad range of concentrations in water and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity in porous membranes by photo polymerization with a polar photo initiator. As conductive polymer, primarily poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(2-sulfoethyl methacrylate) (PSEM) respectively as well as polymers of phosphonic acid containing monomers or newly synthesized monomers were used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers like N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl) ester (D3MA) or polyethyleneglycol diacrylates with two varying chainlengths (PEG-DA700, PEG-DA330).
The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's FP7- NMP Programme, under the Project Acronym MultiPlat and with Grant Agreement: N 228943 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. We thank 3M for providing us with samples of the PP membrane.
1/ Hamrock, S.J. and M.A. Yandrasits, Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. 2006. 46(3): p. 219 - 244.
2/ Hoogers, G., Membranes and Ionomers, in Fuel Cell Technology Handbook G. Hoogers, Editor. 2002, CRC Press. p. 360
PB  - Basel : RadTech Europe
C3  - RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book
T1  - Photopolymerization of crosslinked proton conducting membranes
SP  - 123
EP  - 123
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_791
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Several monomers and crosslinker in a broad range of concentrations in water and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity in porous membranes by photo polymerization with a polar photo initiator. As conductive polymer, primarily poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(2-sulfoethyl methacrylate) (PSEM) respectively as well as polymers of phosphonic acid containing monomers or newly synthesized monomers were used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers like N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl) ester (D3MA) or polyethyleneglycol diacrylates with two varying chainlengths (PEG-DA700, PEG-DA330).
The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's FP7- NMP Programme, under the Project Acronym MultiPlat and with Grant Agreement: N 228943 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. We thank 3M for providing us with samples of the PP membrane.
1/ Hamrock, S.J. and M.A. Yandrasits, Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. 2006. 46(3): p. 219 - 244.
2/ Hoogers, G., Membranes and Ionomers, in Fuel Cell Technology Handbook G. Hoogers, Editor. 2002, CRC Press. p. 360",
publisher = "Basel : RadTech Europe",
journal = "RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book",
title = "Photopolymerization of crosslinked proton conducting membranes",
pages = "123-123",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_791"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2011). Photopolymerization of crosslinked proton conducting membranes. in RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book
Basel : RadTech Europe., 123-123.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_791

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Photopolymerization of crosslinked proton conducting membranes. in RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book. 2011;:123-123.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_791 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Photopolymerization of crosslinked proton conducting membranes" in RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book (2011):123-123,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_791 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/790
AB  - Proton-conducting membranes with interpenetrating polymer network morphology have been frequently considered in recent years for potential replacement of standard Nafion membranes in direct methanol fuel cells. Asymmetric membranes comprising protonconducting channels of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of thermally-resistant, glassy polymer were prepared by photopolymerization starting from a polymer solution and evaluated in our laboratories. These membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine proton-conducting channels, which serves as a barrier against
methanol crossover, on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. Conductivity of asymmetric membranes over a range of initial polymer concentrations and ion-exchange capacities (IEC) was just slightly lower than for the corresponding symmetric membranes. Methanol barrier properties of asymmetric proton-conducting membranes were better than that of the state-of-the art Nafion 115 membrane. The crosslinking agent functionality had a major effect on membrane conductivity. Use of trifunctional crosslinking agents resulted in significantly higher conductivities than those obtained with bifunctional agents, even surpassing the conductivity of Nafion membranes.
PB  - Basel : RadTech Europe
C3  - RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book
T1  - Asymmetric proton-conducting membrane made by photopolymerization
SP  - 129
EP  - 129
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_790
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Radovanović, Filip and Kellner, Michael and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Proton-conducting membranes with interpenetrating polymer network morphology have been frequently considered in recent years for potential replacement of standard Nafion membranes in direct methanol fuel cells. Asymmetric membranes comprising protonconducting channels of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of thermally-resistant, glassy polymer were prepared by photopolymerization starting from a polymer solution and evaluated in our laboratories. These membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine proton-conducting channels, which serves as a barrier against
methanol crossover, on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. Conductivity of asymmetric membranes over a range of initial polymer concentrations and ion-exchange capacities (IEC) was just slightly lower than for the corresponding symmetric membranes. Methanol barrier properties of asymmetric proton-conducting membranes were better than that of the state-of-the art Nafion 115 membrane. The crosslinking agent functionality had a major effect on membrane conductivity. Use of trifunctional crosslinking agents resulted in significantly higher conductivities than those obtained with bifunctional agents, even surpassing the conductivity of Nafion membranes.",
publisher = "Basel : RadTech Europe",
journal = "RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book",
title = "Asymmetric proton-conducting membrane made by photopolymerization",
pages = "129-129",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_790"
}

Radovanović, F., Kellner, M., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2011). Asymmetric proton-conducting membrane made by photopolymerization. in RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book
Basel : RadTech Europe., 129-129.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_790

Radovanović F, Kellner M, Matović J, Liska R. Asymmetric proton-conducting membrane made by photopolymerization. in RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book. 2011;:129-129.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_790 .

Radovanović, Filip, Kellner, Michael, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Asymmetric proton-conducting membrane made by photopolymerization" in RadTech Europe 2011 - Abstract Book (2011):129-129,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_790 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanovic, Philip
AU  - Liska, Robert
AU  - Matović, Jovan
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/789
AB  - The proton exchange barrier or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is the critical part of a fuel cell. The basic function of the membrane is to enable proton transport, while being simultaneously impermeable for electrons and gas. Typically, membranes for the PEM fuel cells (PEMFC) are made of perfluorocarbon-sulfonic acid monomers. The best known material of this class is Nafion which has a unique interpenetrating structure of hydrophobic perfluorocarbon regions providing thermal and chemical resistance, mechanical strength and diffusional resistance combined with hydrophilic regions of water clusters surrounding charged sulfonic acid groups which allow selective proton transport. For these reasons, Nafion is still considered the benchmark against which most of the new materials are compared [1]. At the molecular level, proton transport may follow two principal mechanisms: (a) diffusion mechanism via H3O+ ion as a carrier and (b) proton hopping mechanism (Grotthuss transport) [2]. Contemporary PEMFCs are exclusively based on the vehicle mechanism.
PEMFCs produce water as a by-product and H+ ions moving from the anode to the cathode pull water molecules by an electro-osmotic drag force. In addition, membrane suffers from evaporation of water at working temperatures of 60-90ºC. Nafion effectively conducts protons only when imbibed by water within a narrow range, which limits the operating temperature of PEM fuel cells to around 80oC. However an operating temperature above 100ºC is a highly desirable goal. PEM membranes are not dimensionally stable since the material significantly swells upon water absorption. Therefore the aim of our proton conducting membrane is a rigid polymer with perpendicular nano channels which are filled with a conducting sulfonic polymer where conductivity is mainly achieved by the Grotthuss mechanism. 
Several monomers and crosslinker in a broad range of concentrations in water and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity in porous membranes by photo polymerization with a polar photo initiator. As conductive polymer, primarily poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(2-sulfoethyl methacrylate) (PSEM) respectively as well as polymers of phosphonic acid containing monomers or newly synthesized monomers were used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers like N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl) ester (D3MA) or polyethyleneglycol diacrylates with two varying chainlengths (PEG-DA700, PEG-DA330).
The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's FP7- NMP Programme, under the Project Acronym MultiPlat and with Grant Agreement: N 228943 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. We thank 3M for providing us with samples of the PP membrane. 

1/Hamrock, S.J. and M.A. Yandrasits, Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. 2006. 46(3): p. 219 - 244.
2/ Hoogers, G., Membranes and Ionomers, in Fuel Cell Technology Handbook G. Hoogers, Editor. 2002, CRC Press. p.
C3  - ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts
T1  - Proton conducting membranes based on photopolymerizable monomers
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_789
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanovic, Philip and Liska, Robert and Matović, Jovan",
year = "2011",
abstract = "The proton exchange barrier or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is the critical part of a fuel cell. The basic function of the membrane is to enable proton transport, while being simultaneously impermeable for electrons and gas. Typically, membranes for the PEM fuel cells (PEMFC) are made of perfluorocarbon-sulfonic acid monomers. The best known material of this class is Nafion which has a unique interpenetrating structure of hydrophobic perfluorocarbon regions providing thermal and chemical resistance, mechanical strength and diffusional resistance combined with hydrophilic regions of water clusters surrounding charged sulfonic acid groups which allow selective proton transport. For these reasons, Nafion is still considered the benchmark against which most of the new materials are compared [1]. At the molecular level, proton transport may follow two principal mechanisms: (a) diffusion mechanism via H3O+ ion as a carrier and (b) proton hopping mechanism (Grotthuss transport) [2]. Contemporary PEMFCs are exclusively based on the vehicle mechanism.
PEMFCs produce water as a by-product and H+ ions moving from the anode to the cathode pull water molecules by an electro-osmotic drag force. In addition, membrane suffers from evaporation of water at working temperatures of 60-90ºC. Nafion effectively conducts protons only when imbibed by water within a narrow range, which limits the operating temperature of PEM fuel cells to around 80oC. However an operating temperature above 100ºC is a highly desirable goal. PEM membranes are not dimensionally stable since the material significantly swells upon water absorption. Therefore the aim of our proton conducting membrane is a rigid polymer with perpendicular nano channels which are filled with a conducting sulfonic polymer where conductivity is mainly achieved by the Grotthuss mechanism. 
Several monomers and crosslinker in a broad range of concentrations in water and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity in porous membranes by photo polymerization with a polar photo initiator. As conductive polymer, primarily poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(2-sulfoethyl methacrylate) (PSEM) respectively as well as polymers of phosphonic acid containing monomers or newly synthesized monomers were used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers like N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl) ester (D3MA) or polyethyleneglycol diacrylates with two varying chainlengths (PEG-DA700, PEG-DA330).
The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's FP7- NMP Programme, under the Project Acronym MultiPlat and with Grant Agreement: N 228943 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research. We thank 3M for providing us with samples of the PP membrane. 

1/Hamrock, S.J. and M.A. Yandrasits, Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. 2006. 46(3): p. 219 - 244.
2/ Hoogers, G., Membranes and Ionomers, in Fuel Cell Technology Handbook G. Hoogers, Editor. 2002, CRC Press. p.",
journal = "ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts",
title = "Proton conducting membranes based on photopolymerizable monomers",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_789"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanovic, P., Liska, R.,& Matović, J.. (2011). Proton conducting membranes based on photopolymerizable monomers. in ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_789

Kellner M, Radovanovic P, Liska R, Matović J. Proton conducting membranes based on photopolymerizable monomers. in ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts. 2011;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_789 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanovic, Philip, Liska, Robert, Matović, Jovan, "Proton conducting membranes based on photopolymerizable monomers" in ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_789 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/788
AB  - Fuel cells comprising proton-conducting polymer membranes are focus of active research due to their versatile applications as energy sources in the automotive, stationary and portable fields. A fluoro-ionomer membrane, such as Nafion available from Du Pont de Nemours, is commonly used for these applications. High price of these membranes and their limitations, such as high crossover of methanol in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells and performance loss under conditions of low relative humidity, have led to investigations of other proton-conducting membranes from less expensive, nonfluorinated materials.
Proton-conducting membranes with interpenetrating polymer network morphology have been a subject of growing interest in recent years [1]. These materials are generally prepared by either in situ polymerization and cross-linking starting from initial reactants, or by sequential synthesis starting from a polymer network swollen with necessary precursors that subsequently react to form the interpenetrating structure within the first network. An interplay of the chemical reaction and liquid-liquid demixing kinetics has a determining effect on the final membrane morphology. Interpenetrating domains of relatively small size are typical, as opposed to macroscopic phase separation observed in most polymer blends. Such fine morphology of interpenetrating proton-conducting membranes often leads to improvement in mechanical strength and reactant barrier properties. 
Novel asymmetric membranes comprising proton-conducting channels of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of thermally resistant, glassy polymer were prepared and evaluated in our laboratories. These membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine biomimetic proton-conducting channels, which provides a barrier against methanol crossover, on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. Conductivity of asymmetric membranes over a range of initial polymer concentrations and ion-exchange capacities (IEC) was just slightly lower than for the corresponding symmetric membranes. These conductivity measurements were carried out using a 4-point in-plane method. It is expected that the planned measurements in the direction of membrane thickness will result in significantly higher conductivities due to the anisotropic membrane morphology.
C3  - ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts
T1  - Novel asymmetric interpenetrating proton-conducting membrane
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_788
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Radovanović, Filip and Kellner, Michael and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Fuel cells comprising proton-conducting polymer membranes are focus of active research due to their versatile applications as energy sources in the automotive, stationary and portable fields. A fluoro-ionomer membrane, such as Nafion available from Du Pont de Nemours, is commonly used for these applications. High price of these membranes and their limitations, such as high crossover of methanol in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells and performance loss under conditions of low relative humidity, have led to investigations of other proton-conducting membranes from less expensive, nonfluorinated materials.
Proton-conducting membranes with interpenetrating polymer network morphology have been a subject of growing interest in recent years [1]. These materials are generally prepared by either in situ polymerization and cross-linking starting from initial reactants, or by sequential synthesis starting from a polymer network swollen with necessary precursors that subsequently react to form the interpenetrating structure within the first network. An interplay of the chemical reaction and liquid-liquid demixing kinetics has a determining effect on the final membrane morphology. Interpenetrating domains of relatively small size are typical, as opposed to macroscopic phase separation observed in most polymer blends. Such fine morphology of interpenetrating proton-conducting membranes often leads to improvement in mechanical strength and reactant barrier properties. 
Novel asymmetric membranes comprising proton-conducting channels of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of thermally resistant, glassy polymer were prepared and evaluated in our laboratories. These membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine biomimetic proton-conducting channels, which provides a barrier against methanol crossover, on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. Conductivity of asymmetric membranes over a range of initial polymer concentrations and ion-exchange capacities (IEC) was just slightly lower than for the corresponding symmetric membranes. These conductivity measurements were carried out using a 4-point in-plane method. It is expected that the planned measurements in the direction of membrane thickness will result in significantly higher conductivities due to the anisotropic membrane morphology.",
journal = "ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts",
title = "Novel asymmetric interpenetrating proton-conducting membrane",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_788"
}

Radovanović, F., Kellner, M., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2011). Novel asymmetric interpenetrating proton-conducting membrane. in ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_788

Radovanović F, Kellner M, Matović J, Liska R. Novel asymmetric interpenetrating proton-conducting membrane. in ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts. 2011;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_788 .

Radovanović, Filip, Kellner, Michael, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Novel asymmetric interpenetrating proton-conducting membrane" in ICOM 2011: Book of abstracts (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_788 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/780
AB  - Several monomers and crosslinker in a broad range of concentrations in water and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity by photo polymerization with a polar photo initiator in porous membranes made of polypropylene and polyethersulfone respectively. As conductive polymer, primarily poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(2-sulfoethyl methacrylate) (PSEM) respectively as well as polymers of phosphonic acid containing monomers or newly synthesized monomers were used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers like N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl) ester (D3MA) or polyethyleneglycol diacrylates with two varying chainlengths (PEG-DA700, PEG-DA330). Furthermore several new multifunctional crosslinker with enhanced thermal and ageing stability have been synthesized and tested.
The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures.
PB  - Singapore : Research Publishing
C3  - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture
T1  - Photopolymerizable monomer formulations for nanoporous proton conducting membranes
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_780
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kellner, Michael and Radovanović, Filip and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Several monomers and crosslinker in a broad range of concentrations in water and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) respectively were screened for their mechanical properties, water uptake and conductivity by photo polymerization with a polar photo initiator in porous membranes made of polypropylene and polyethersulfone respectively. As conductive polymer, primarily poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(2-sulfoethyl methacrylate) (PSEM) respectively as well as polymers of phosphonic acid containing monomers or newly synthesized monomers were used. The conductive monomers were crosslinked with varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional monomers like N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl) ester (D3MA) or polyethyleneglycol diacrylates with two varying chainlengths (PEG-DA700, PEG-DA330). Furthermore several new multifunctional crosslinker with enhanced thermal and ageing stability have been synthesized and tested.
The advantage of several different building blocks with known characteristics is the possibility to tune the polymer to special needs of an application. For example, some polymer compositions have good conductivity at lower temperatures whereas other polymers develop better properties at elevated temperatures.",
publisher = "Singapore : Research Publishing",
journal = "Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture",
title = "Photopolymerizable monomer formulations for nanoporous proton conducting membranes",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_780"
}

Kellner, M., Radovanović, F., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2011). Photopolymerizable monomer formulations for nanoporous proton conducting membranes. in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture
Singapore : Research Publishing..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_780

Kellner M, Radovanović F, Matović J, Liska R. Photopolymerizable monomer formulations for nanoporous proton conducting membranes. in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture. 2011;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_780 .

Kellner, Michael, Radovanović, Filip, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Photopolymerizable monomer formulations for nanoporous proton conducting membranes" in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_780 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Radovanović, Filip
AU  - Kellner, Michael
AU  - Matović, Jovan
AU  - Liska, Robert
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/123456789/779
AB  - Proton-conducting membranes with interpenetrating polymer network morphology have gained attention in recent years for potential replacement of standard Nafion membranes in direct methanol fuel cells. These membranes generally consist of fine interpenetrating domains of proton-conducting and mechanically-supporting polymer phases, which often leads to improvements in mechanical strength and methanol barrier properties.

Asymmetric sol-gel membranes comprising proton-conducting channels of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of thermally-resistant, glassy polymer were prepared by photopolymerization starting from a polymer solution and evaluated in our laboratories. These membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine biomimetic proton-conducting channels, which provides a barrier against methanol crossover, on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. Conductivity of asymmetric membranes over a range of initial polymer concentrations and ion-exchange capacities (IEC) was just slightly lower than for the corresponding symmetric membranes. Methanol barrier properties of asymmetric sol-gel membranes were better than that of Nafion 115 membrane. The crosslinking agent functionality had a major effect on membrane conductivity. Use of trifunctional crosslinking agents resulted in significantly higher conductivities than those obtained with bifunctional agents, even surpassing the conductivity of Nafion membranes.
PB  - Singapore : Research Publishing
C3  - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture
T1  - Asymmetric sol-gel proton-conducting membrane
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_779
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Radovanović, Filip and Kellner, Michael and Matović, Jovan and Liska, Robert",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Proton-conducting membranes with interpenetrating polymer network morphology have gained attention in recent years for potential replacement of standard Nafion membranes in direct methanol fuel cells. These membranes generally consist of fine interpenetrating domains of proton-conducting and mechanically-supporting polymer phases, which often leads to improvements in mechanical strength and methanol barrier properties.

Asymmetric sol-gel membranes comprising proton-conducting channels of cross-linked sulfonic acid functionalized ionomers embedded within a matrix of thermally-resistant, glassy polymer were prepared by photopolymerization starting from a polymer solution and evaluated in our laboratories. These membranes have an integral top skin layer with fine biomimetic proton-conducting channels, which provides a barrier against methanol crossover, on top of a coarser proton-conducting support. Conductivity of asymmetric membranes over a range of initial polymer concentrations and ion-exchange capacities (IEC) was just slightly lower than for the corresponding symmetric membranes. Methanol barrier properties of asymmetric sol-gel membranes were better than that of Nafion 115 membrane. The crosslinking agent functionality had a major effect on membrane conductivity. Use of trifunctional crosslinking agents resulted in significantly higher conductivities than those obtained with bifunctional agents, even surpassing the conductivity of Nafion membranes.",
publisher = "Singapore : Research Publishing",
journal = "Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture",
title = "Asymmetric sol-gel proton-conducting membrane",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_779"
}

Radovanović, F., Kellner, M., Matović, J.,& Liska, R.. (2011). Asymmetric sol-gel proton-conducting membrane. in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture
Singapore : Research Publishing..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_779

Radovanović F, Kellner M, Matović J, Liska R. Asymmetric sol-gel proton-conducting membrane. in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture. 2011;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_779 .

Radovanović, Filip, Kellner, Michael, Matović, Jovan, Liska, Robert, "Asymmetric sol-gel proton-conducting membrane" in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_779 .